Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are crucial lipid chaperones involved in lipid metabolism and signaling, playing a key role in metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. They regulate lipid signaling pathways, inflammatory responses, and metabolic regulation by modulating lipid availability and interactions with cellular targets. FABPs are expressed in various tissues, including adipocytes and macrophages, where they facilitate lipid transport, storage, and signaling. Different FABP isoforms have distinct tissue-specific expressions and functions, with A-FABP and E-FABP being particularly important in adipose tissue and macrophages. A-FABP is involved in lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses, while E-FABP contributes to lipid transport and metabolic homeostasis. Genetic studies in FABP-deficient mice have shown that FABPs are essential for maintaining metabolic balance and preventing diseases. A-FABP deficiency in mice leads to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced atherosclerosis, suggesting its therapeutic potential. Recent research has identified potential pharmacological agents that target FABPs, such as A-FABP inhibitors, which may offer new treatments for metabolic disorders. FABPs are also involved in various physiological processes, including neuronal development, brain function, and tumor suppression. Their conservation across species highlights their evolutionary significance. Targeting FABPs, particularly A-FABP, presents a promising approach for developing therapies against metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to fully understand FABP functions and their potential as therapeutic targets.Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are crucial lipid chaperones involved in lipid metabolism and signaling, playing a key role in metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. They regulate lipid signaling pathways, inflammatory responses, and metabolic regulation by modulating lipid availability and interactions with cellular targets. FABPs are expressed in various tissues, including adipocytes and macrophages, where they facilitate lipid transport, storage, and signaling. Different FABP isoforms have distinct tissue-specific expressions and functions, with A-FABP and E-FABP being particularly important in adipose tissue and macrophages. A-FABP is involved in lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses, while E-FABP contributes to lipid transport and metabolic homeostasis. Genetic studies in FABP-deficient mice have shown that FABPs are essential for maintaining metabolic balance and preventing diseases. A-FABP deficiency in mice leads to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced atherosclerosis, suggesting its therapeutic potential. Recent research has identified potential pharmacological agents that target FABPs, such as A-FABP inhibitors, which may offer new treatments for metabolic disorders. FABPs are also involved in various physiological processes, including neuronal development, brain function, and tumor suppression. Their conservation across species highlights their evolutionary significance. Targeting FABPs, particularly A-FABP, presents a promising approach for developing therapies against metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to fully understand FABP functions and their potential as therapeutic targets.