Fe-CAP NPs, a combination of iron and capsaicin, show promise in treating sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by reducing inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The study demonstrates that Fe-CAP NPs significantly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and iNOS, while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors like TGF-β. This dual effect helps alleviate lung tissue damage and improves lung function in sepsis models. In vivo experiments using C57 mice confirmed that Fe-CAP NPs reduce lung injury markers, including increased Evans blue leakage and improved histopathological outcomes. Additionally, Fe-CAP NPs were found to be non-cytotoxic, indicating their safety for use in treating ALI. The study highlights the potential of Fe-CAP NPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis-related lung injury, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments. The findings suggest that Fe-CAP NPs could be effective in reducing inflammation and improving lung function in sepsis patients.Fe-CAP NPs, a combination of iron and capsaicin, show promise in treating sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by reducing inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The study demonstrates that Fe-CAP NPs significantly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and iNOS, while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors like TGF-β. This dual effect helps alleviate lung tissue damage and improves lung function in sepsis models. In vivo experiments using C57 mice confirmed that Fe-CAP NPs reduce lung injury markers, including increased Evans blue leakage and improved histopathological outcomes. Additionally, Fe-CAP NPs were found to be non-cytotoxic, indicating their safety for use in treating ALI. The study highlights the potential of Fe-CAP NPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis-related lung injury, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments. The findings suggest that Fe-CAP NPs could be effective in reducing inflammation and improving lung function in sepsis patients.