Febrile seizures are a common and benign pediatric condition, typically occurring in children between 6 months and 6 years of age. They are defined as seizures associated with fever but without central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte imbalance. The prevalence of febrile seizures ranges from 3% to 8% in children up to 7 years old, with variations due to case definitions, ascertainment methods, geographical differences, and cultural factors. Febrile seizures are often brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, though focal features are present in 4-16% of cases. They usually occur when the child's temperature reaches at least 38°C, though they can also occur before the fever becomes apparent. Febrile seizures lasting more than 15 minutes or occurring multiple times within 24 hours are considered complex and are associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. The management of febrile seizures focuses on reassurance and education for families. Acute treatment is indicated for prolonged seizures, and parents should be educated about the benign nature of the disorder, its prognosis, and what to do if another seizure occurs. Prophylactic treatment with anticonvulsants is not recommended due to the excellent outcome of febrile seizures. Recent studies have shown that children with febrile seizures do not have an increased risk of epilepsy, and those who do develop epilepsy have a good prognosis. However, prolonged febrile seizures may be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy, though this is rare. The article also discusses the importance of excluding central nervous system infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, particularly in children with febrile status epilepticus. Additional investigations, such as lumbar puncture, electroencephalography, and imaging, are generally not necessary unless specific indications exist. Overall, febrile seizures are a common and benign condition that typically resolves without long-term sequelae, and appropriate management involves reassurance and education for families.Febrile seizures are a common and benign pediatric condition, typically occurring in children between 6 months and 6 years of age. They are defined as seizures associated with fever but without central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte imbalance. The prevalence of febrile seizures ranges from 3% to 8% in children up to 7 years old, with variations due to case definitions, ascertainment methods, geographical differences, and cultural factors. Febrile seizures are often brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, though focal features are present in 4-16% of cases. They usually occur when the child's temperature reaches at least 38°C, though they can also occur before the fever becomes apparent. Febrile seizures lasting more than 15 minutes or occurring multiple times within 24 hours are considered complex and are associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. The management of febrile seizures focuses on reassurance and education for families. Acute treatment is indicated for prolonged seizures, and parents should be educated about the benign nature of the disorder, its prognosis, and what to do if another seizure occurs. Prophylactic treatment with anticonvulsants is not recommended due to the excellent outcome of febrile seizures. Recent studies have shown that children with febrile seizures do not have an increased risk of epilepsy, and those who do develop epilepsy have a good prognosis. However, prolonged febrile seizures may be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy, though this is rare. The article also discusses the importance of excluding central nervous system infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, particularly in children with febrile status epilepticus. Additional investigations, such as lumbar puncture, electroencephalography, and imaging, are generally not necessary unless specific indications exist. Overall, febrile seizures are a common and benign condition that typically resolves without long-term sequelae, and appropriate management involves reassurance and education for families.