Febrile seizures are common in young children, occurring in 3% to 8% of children under 7 years old. They are defined as seizures associated with fever, without central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte imbalance. These seizures are generally benign, with a normal cognitive outcome. Recurrence is common in a third of children, and complex febrile seizures are associated with a higher risk of epilepsy. Risk factors for epilepsy include complex seizures, neurological abnormalities, and a family history of epilepsy. Prolonged seizures (lasting more than 15 minutes) are more likely to recur and are treated with midazolam. Febrile seizures may occur before fever is apparent and are often associated with viral infections. Afebrile convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis are increasingly recognized, but their relationship to febrile seizures is unclear. Febrile seizures are predominantly brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, with 4-16% having focal features. They are more common in children aged 6 months to 6 years, with a median age of onset at 18 months. Febrile seizures are associated with a low risk of epilepsy, with most children not developing epilepsy. Complex febrile seizures, defined by duration, multiple seizures, or focal features, are more likely to lead to epilepsy. The relationship between febrile seizures and epilepsy is complex, with three scenarios: seizures as the onset of epilepsy, seizures followed by epilepsy, or seizures triggered by fever in children with existing epilepsy. Febrile seizures are not associated with hippocampal sclerosis or intractable epilepsy. They do not affect cognition or behavior, with most children having normal development. Management includes reassurance, education, and acute treatment for prolonged seizures. Lumbar puncture is indicated if meningitis is suspected. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging are not routinely needed. Prophylactic treatment is not recommended due to lack of evidence. Febrile seizures are a common, benign disorder with an excellent prognosis.Febrile seizures are common in young children, occurring in 3% to 8% of children under 7 years old. They are defined as seizures associated with fever, without central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte imbalance. These seizures are generally benign, with a normal cognitive outcome. Recurrence is common in a third of children, and complex febrile seizures are associated with a higher risk of epilepsy. Risk factors for epilepsy include complex seizures, neurological abnormalities, and a family history of epilepsy. Prolonged seizures (lasting more than 15 minutes) are more likely to recur and are treated with midazolam. Febrile seizures may occur before fever is apparent and are often associated with viral infections. Afebrile convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis are increasingly recognized, but their relationship to febrile seizures is unclear. Febrile seizures are predominantly brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, with 4-16% having focal features. They are more common in children aged 6 months to 6 years, with a median age of onset at 18 months. Febrile seizures are associated with a low risk of epilepsy, with most children not developing epilepsy. Complex febrile seizures, defined by duration, multiple seizures, or focal features, are more likely to lead to epilepsy. The relationship between febrile seizures and epilepsy is complex, with three scenarios: seizures as the onset of epilepsy, seizures followed by epilepsy, or seizures triggered by fever in children with existing epilepsy. Febrile seizures are not associated with hippocampal sclerosis or intractable epilepsy. They do not affect cognition or behavior, with most children having normal development. Management includes reassurance, education, and acute treatment for prolonged seizures. Lumbar puncture is indicated if meningitis is suspected. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging are not routinely needed. Prophylactic treatment is not recommended due to lack of evidence. Febrile seizures are a common, benign disorder with an excellent prognosis.