This study explores the quality of feedback generated by ChatGPT and peer feedback in the context of argumentative essay writing among graduate students. The research aims to determine whether ChatGPT can serve as a viable source of feedback and to compare its quality with that of peer feedback. The study involved 74 graduate students from a Dutch university, who were asked to write essays on controversial topics and then provide peer feedback and receive feedback from ChatGPT. Two coding schemes were used to assess the quality of essays and feedback, focusing on descriptive, identification, and justification components. The results showed a significant difference in feedback quality between ChatGPT and peer feedback, with peers providing more detailed and problem-identifying feedback. However, there was no significant relationship between essay quality and the quality of feedback from either source. The study suggests that ChatGPT can complement peer feedback, potentially alleviating teachers' workload and enhancing the feedback process. The findings have implications for integrating AI tools like ChatGPT into higher education to improve feedback practices, particularly in large classes.This study explores the quality of feedback generated by ChatGPT and peer feedback in the context of argumentative essay writing among graduate students. The research aims to determine whether ChatGPT can serve as a viable source of feedback and to compare its quality with that of peer feedback. The study involved 74 graduate students from a Dutch university, who were asked to write essays on controversial topics and then provide peer feedback and receive feedback from ChatGPT. Two coding schemes were used to assess the quality of essays and feedback, focusing on descriptive, identification, and justification components. The results showed a significant difference in feedback quality between ChatGPT and peer feedback, with peers providing more detailed and problem-identifying feedback. However, there was no significant relationship between essay quality and the quality of feedback from either source. The study suggests that ChatGPT can complement peer feedback, potentially alleviating teachers' workload and enhancing the feedback process. The findings have implications for integrating AI tools like ChatGPT into higher education to improve feedback practices, particularly in large classes.