Ferroptosis is a distinct form of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. This form of cell death differs from classical apoptosis and autophagy in both morphology and biochemistry. It plays a significant role in various diseases, including cancer and inflammation. The review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, its impact on physiological and pathological processes, and its potential as a therapeutic target. Key regulatory factors include iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Ferroptosis is linked to tumor suppression and immune functions, with tumor suppressor genes like p53 and BAP1 influencing ferroptosis. Inflammation is also associated with ferroptosis, as it involves lipid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism. Ferroptosis inducers, such as erastin and sulfasalazine, have shown promise in treating drug-resistant cancers. Nanoparticle inducers are another promising approach, enhancing solubility and biocompatibility. The review highlights the potential of ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for cancer and inflammatory diseases.Ferroptosis is a distinct form of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. This form of cell death differs from classical apoptosis and autophagy in both morphology and biochemistry. It plays a significant role in various diseases, including cancer and inflammation. The review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, its impact on physiological and pathological processes, and its potential as a therapeutic target. Key regulatory factors include iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Ferroptosis is linked to tumor suppression and immune functions, with tumor suppressor genes like p53 and BAP1 influencing ferroptosis. Inflammation is also associated with ferroptosis, as it involves lipid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism. Ferroptosis inducers, such as erastin and sulfasalazine, have shown promise in treating drug-resistant cancers. Nanoparticle inducers are another promising approach, enhancing solubility and biocompatibility. The review highlights the potential of ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for cancer and inflammatory diseases.