This article provides an overview of the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the key role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating ferroptosis. It highlights the association between Nrf2 and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The article discusses how ferroptosis contributes to the progression of NDs, with age-related changes in the antioxidant system, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and altered Nrf2 expression levels. The inhibition of ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and adaptive enhancement of Nrf2 signaling are potential clinical implications for detecting and treating NDs. The article also delves into the mechanisms of iron metabolism, the antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation, emphasizing the importance of Nrf2 in regulating these processes. Finally, it explores the regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets, such as FTH1, FTL, FPN1, HO1, and NQO1, in the context of NDs.This article provides an overview of the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the key role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating ferroptosis. It highlights the association between Nrf2 and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The article discusses how ferroptosis contributes to the progression of NDs, with age-related changes in the antioxidant system, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and altered Nrf2 expression levels. The inhibition of ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and adaptive enhancement of Nrf2 signaling are potential clinical implications for detecting and treating NDs. The article also delves into the mechanisms of iron metabolism, the antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation, emphasizing the importance of Nrf2 in regulating these processes. Finally, it explores the regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets, such as FTH1, FTL, FPN1, HO1, and NQO1, in the context of NDs.