Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are highly promising materials due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, stiffness, damping properties, and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These materials are widely used in various industries, including mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, and marine. The performance of FRPs depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques. This review discusses the classification, properties, and applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, focusing on natural and synthetic fibers, hybrid composites, and various manufacturing techniques such as hand lay-up, spray-up, vacuum bag molding, resin transfer molding, and vacuum infusion. The review also highlights the importance of fiber orientation, fiber volume, and surface treatments in enhancing the mechanical properties of composites. Applications of FRPs include civil structures like bridges, concrete beams, and earthquake-resistant columns, as well as mechanical components such as gear pairs and pressure vessels. The review emphasizes the need for optimized manufacturing techniques to avoid defects and ensure the desired performance of FRPs in various applications. Additionally, the review discusses the environmental impact of composite waste and the development of eco-friendly composites using natural fillers. The review concludes that FRPs are a promising alternative to traditional materials due to their superior mechanical properties and potential for sustainable manufacturing.Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are highly promising materials due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, stiffness, damping properties, and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These materials are widely used in various industries, including mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, and marine. The performance of FRPs depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques. This review discusses the classification, properties, and applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, focusing on natural and synthetic fibers, hybrid composites, and various manufacturing techniques such as hand lay-up, spray-up, vacuum bag molding, resin transfer molding, and vacuum infusion. The review also highlights the importance of fiber orientation, fiber volume, and surface treatments in enhancing the mechanical properties of composites. Applications of FRPs include civil structures like bridges, concrete beams, and earthquake-resistant columns, as well as mechanical components such as gear pairs and pressure vessels. The review emphasizes the need for optimized manufacturing techniques to avoid defects and ensure the desired performance of FRPs in various applications. Additionally, the review discusses the environmental impact of composite waste and the development of eco-friendly composites using natural fillers. The review concludes that FRPs are a promising alternative to traditional materials due to their superior mechanical properties and potential for sustainable manufacturing.