FGF signaling plays a critical role in macrophage polarization, influencing health and disease. FGFs are a family of peptide growth factors involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, embryonic development, angiogenesis, and metabolism. Abnormal FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is implicated in diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Macrophage polarization, which involves distinct functional phenotypes, is crucial for tissue repair, homeostasis, and immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that FGF/FGFR signaling is closely involved in macrophage polarization, making it a potential therapeutic target for diseases associated with dysfunctional macrophages. This review provides an overview of FGF structure, function, and downstream regulatory pathways, as well as the crosstalk between FGF signaling and macrophage polarization. It summarizes the potential application of harnessing FGF signaling to modulate macrophage polarization. FGF signaling is involved in various biological functions, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer development. FGF/FGFR signaling also plays a crucial role in regulating these functions. FGF signaling is involved in the development of various diseases, including congenital cranial suture atresia, dwarf syndrome, chronic kidney disease, obesity, insulin resistance, and different types of tumors. Recent studies have shown that FGF signaling is involved in the immune system, with macrophages playing a crucial role in various aspects of the organism, including development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. However, continuous damage can disrupt the normal functioning of macrophages, leading to diseases such as fibrosis, obesity, inflammation, and tumors. Macrophages can adapt and respond to external changes, enabling them to recognize and react to alterations in tissue physiology and the environment. Macrophages are classified into two types based on their response to inflammatory states: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). These two types of macrophages are induced to polarize by different signaling molecules. FGF/FGFRs are essential components of the tumor microenvironment and are extensively regulated by macrophages. Understanding the function and mechanism of FGF signaling in macrophage polarization is valuable for developing new therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases associated with dysregulated macrophages. FGF signaling is involved in various biological processes, including development, tissue repair, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. FGF signaling achieves these effects through autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine pathways. FGF signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tissue repair, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. FGF signaling is also involved in the inflammatory response, with FGF1, which is highly expressed in arthritic bone, cartilage, synovium, ligaments, and tendons, tendingFGF signaling plays a critical role in macrophage polarization, influencing health and disease. FGFs are a family of peptide growth factors involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, embryonic development, angiogenesis, and metabolism. Abnormal FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is implicated in diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Macrophage polarization, which involves distinct functional phenotypes, is crucial for tissue repair, homeostasis, and immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that FGF/FGFR signaling is closely involved in macrophage polarization, making it a potential therapeutic target for diseases associated with dysfunctional macrophages. This review provides an overview of FGF structure, function, and downstream regulatory pathways, as well as the crosstalk between FGF signaling and macrophage polarization. It summarizes the potential application of harnessing FGF signaling to modulate macrophage polarization. FGF signaling is involved in various biological functions, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer development. FGF/FGFR signaling also plays a crucial role in regulating these functions. FGF signaling is involved in the development of various diseases, including congenital cranial suture atresia, dwarf syndrome, chronic kidney disease, obesity, insulin resistance, and different types of tumors. Recent studies have shown that FGF signaling is involved in the immune system, with macrophages playing a crucial role in various aspects of the organism, including development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. However, continuous damage can disrupt the normal functioning of macrophages, leading to diseases such as fibrosis, obesity, inflammation, and tumors. Macrophages can adapt and respond to external changes, enabling them to recognize and react to alterations in tissue physiology and the environment. Macrophages are classified into two types based on their response to inflammatory states: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). These two types of macrophages are induced to polarize by different signaling molecules. FGF/FGFRs are essential components of the tumor microenvironment and are extensively regulated by macrophages. Understanding the function and mechanism of FGF signaling in macrophage polarization is valuable for developing new therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases associated with dysregulated macrophages. FGF signaling is involved in various biological processes, including development, tissue repair, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. FGF signaling achieves these effects through autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine pathways. FGF signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tissue repair, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. FGF signaling is also involved in the inflammatory response, with FGF1, which is highly expressed in arthritic bone, cartilage, synovium, ligaments, and tendons, tending