This chapter focuses on the phytosociological characteristics of the Cerrado biome in Brazil, which is the second largest biome in the country after the Amazon. The Cerrado is characterized by a dry winter and a rainy summer, with an average annual precipitation of around 1500 mm. The biome is distributed across various states in central Brazil, including Goiás, Tocantins, and the Federal District, and extends into parts of other states. The Cerrado is influenced by both climatic and edaphic factors. Climatically, it experiences a tropical rainy climate (Aw) with a mean temperature of around 26°C. Edaphically, it is characterized by a variety of soils, including latosols, podzols, and sandy soils, which play a significant role in determining the vegetation composition. The chapter discusses the different types of vegetation found in the Cerrado, including forest formations, savanna types, and grassland types. Forest formations such as the Mata Ciliar (mangrove forest), Mata de Galeria (streamside forest), Mata Seca (dry forest), and Cerradão (xerophytic forest) are described in detail. Each type is characterized by its unique flora, structure, and environmental conditions. Savanna types, such as the Cerrado sentido restrito (restricted Cerrado), Parque de Cerrado (Cerrado park), Palmeiral (palmyra forest), and Vereda (veredão), are also discussed. These types are distinguished by their specific plant communities and ecological characteristics. The chapter also addresses the challenges in defining and standardizing the terminology used to describe the phytosociological types of the Cerrado. It highlights the importance of considering both structural and floristic criteria in classifying these types. Overall, the Cerrado is a diverse and complex biome that plays a crucial role in the ecological and environmental landscape of Brazil. Its unique characteristics and ecological significance make it a subject of ongoing research and conservation efforts.This chapter focuses on the phytosociological characteristics of the Cerrado biome in Brazil, which is the second largest biome in the country after the Amazon. The Cerrado is characterized by a dry winter and a rainy summer, with an average annual precipitation of around 1500 mm. The biome is distributed across various states in central Brazil, including Goiás, Tocantins, and the Federal District, and extends into parts of other states. The Cerrado is influenced by both climatic and edaphic factors. Climatically, it experiences a tropical rainy climate (Aw) with a mean temperature of around 26°C. Edaphically, it is characterized by a variety of soils, including latosols, podzols, and sandy soils, which play a significant role in determining the vegetation composition. The chapter discusses the different types of vegetation found in the Cerrado, including forest formations, savanna types, and grassland types. Forest formations such as the Mata Ciliar (mangrove forest), Mata de Galeria (streamside forest), Mata Seca (dry forest), and Cerradão (xerophytic forest) are described in detail. Each type is characterized by its unique flora, structure, and environmental conditions. Savanna types, such as the Cerrado sentido restrito (restricted Cerrado), Parque de Cerrado (Cerrado park), Palmeiral (palmyra forest), and Vereda (veredão), are also discussed. These types are distinguished by their specific plant communities and ecological characteristics. The chapter also addresses the challenges in defining and standardizing the terminology used to describe the phytosociological types of the Cerrado. It highlights the importance of considering both structural and floristic criteria in classifying these types. Overall, the Cerrado is a diverse and complex biome that plays a crucial role in the ecological and environmental landscape of Brazil. Its unique characteristics and ecological significance make it a subject of ongoing research and conservation efforts.