Vertical farming is a promising solution to ensure future food security and sustainability. As the global population grows and urbanization increases, traditional agriculture faces challenges such as limited arable land, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation. Vertical farming, which involves growing crops in stacked layers in controlled environments, offers a sustainable alternative by maximizing space efficiency, reducing water and energy use, and minimizing environmental impact. This review explores the latest innovations in vertical farming, including the use of polymer composites, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy sources to enhance productivity and sustainability. The review highlights the importance of material innovation in vertical farming, particularly the use of lightweight, transparent polymer composites such as glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for outer structures and production shelves. These materials offer advantages such as reduced weight, improved durability, and better light transmission, which are essential for optimizing plant growth. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar power and carbon dots, helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers the environmental impact of vertical farms. The review also discusses the economic and environmental implications of vertical farming, noting that while initial investment and operational costs can be high, the long-term benefits include reduced transportation costs, lower water usage, and improved food quality. Furthermore, vertical farming has the potential to create employment opportunities and promote food security by providing fresh, locally grown produce. Several successful vertical farming projects are highlighted, including Sky Greens in Singapore, AeroFarms in the USA, and Farm.One in New York. These projects demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of vertical farming in terms of productivity, sustainability, and community engagement. In conclusion, vertical farming, supported by material and technological innovations, has the potential to transform the future of food production by ensuring sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.Vertical farming is a promising solution to ensure future food security and sustainability. As the global population grows and urbanization increases, traditional agriculture faces challenges such as limited arable land, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation. Vertical farming, which involves growing crops in stacked layers in controlled environments, offers a sustainable alternative by maximizing space efficiency, reducing water and energy use, and minimizing environmental impact. This review explores the latest innovations in vertical farming, including the use of polymer composites, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy sources to enhance productivity and sustainability. The review highlights the importance of material innovation in vertical farming, particularly the use of lightweight, transparent polymer composites such as glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for outer structures and production shelves. These materials offer advantages such as reduced weight, improved durability, and better light transmission, which are essential for optimizing plant growth. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar power and carbon dots, helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers the environmental impact of vertical farms. The review also discusses the economic and environmental implications of vertical farming, noting that while initial investment and operational costs can be high, the long-term benefits include reduced transportation costs, lower water usage, and improved food quality. Furthermore, vertical farming has the potential to create employment opportunities and promote food security by providing fresh, locally grown produce. Several successful vertical farming projects are highlighted, including Sky Greens in Singapore, AeroFarms in the USA, and Farm.One in New York. These projects demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of vertical farming in terms of productivity, sustainability, and community engagement. In conclusion, vertical farming, supported by material and technological innovations, has the potential to transform the future of food production by ensuring sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.