Each year, 31 major known pathogens in the United States cause about 9.4 million foodborne illness episodes. However, additional illnesses are caused by unspecified agents, including pathogens with insufficient data, those not yet recognized as foodborne, substances with unproven pathogenicity, and unknown agents. Using data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates, researchers estimated that 38.4 million (90% CrI 19.8–61.2 million) episodes of domestically acquired foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, resulting in 71,878 hospitalizations (90% CrI 9,924–157,340) and 1,686 deaths (90% CrI 369–3,338). Foodborne diseases are a major cause of illness and death in the United States. The study estimates that 38.4 million episodes of foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, leading to 71,878 hospitalizations and 1,686 deaths. These numbers include illnesses caused by pathogens not yet recognized as foodborne, substances with unproven pathogenicity, and unknown agents. The study used data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study estimated that 38.4 million episodes of foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, resulting in 71,878 hospitalizations and 1,686 deaths. These estimates are based on data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study found that the number of foodborne illnesses caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents.Each year, 31 major known pathogens in the United States cause about 9.4 million foodborne illness episodes. However, additional illnesses are caused by unspecified agents, including pathogens with insufficient data, those not yet recognized as foodborne, substances with unproven pathogenicity, and unknown agents. Using data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates, researchers estimated that 38.4 million (90% CrI 19.8–61.2 million) episodes of domestically acquired foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, resulting in 71,878 hospitalizations (90% CrI 9,924–157,340) and 1,686 deaths (90% CrI 369–3,338). Foodborne diseases are a major cause of illness and death in the United States. The study estimates that 38.4 million episodes of foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, leading to 71,878 hospitalizations and 1,686 deaths. These numbers include illnesses caused by pathogens not yet recognized as foodborne, substances with unproven pathogenicity, and unknown agents. The study used data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study estimated that 38.4 million episodes of foodborne illness are caused by unspecified agents, resulting in 71,878 hospitalizations and 1,686 deaths. These estimates are based on data from surveys, hospital records, and death certificates. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study found that the number of foodborne illnesses caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents. The study also found that the proportion of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents is higher than previously estimated. The study used a Bayesian approach to estimate the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by unspecified agents.