Climate change significantly affects forest disturbances, with warming and drier conditions increasing fire, drought, and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase wind and pathogen disturbances. Interactions between disturbance agents amplify their effects, while indirect climate effects may dampen long-term sensitivity. Future changes are most pronounced in coniferous forests and boreal biomes. Disturbances, such as fires, insect outbreaks, and windthrows, are integral to forest ecosystems, shaping structure, composition, and function. Recent changes in disturbance regimes, driven by climate, have increased disturbance frequency and severity globally. These changes threaten ecosystem services and may lead to irreversible ecosystem shifts. Current research highlights the importance of direct climate effects, but indirect and interaction effects are also significant. Climate change is expected to increase disturbance activity, particularly in coniferous forests. Future management must address these changes to ensure forest resilience and ecosystem services. The study emphasizes the need for integrated models to understand complex interactions between climate, vegetation, and disturbances.Climate change significantly affects forest disturbances, with warming and drier conditions increasing fire, drought, and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase wind and pathogen disturbances. Interactions between disturbance agents amplify their effects, while indirect climate effects may dampen long-term sensitivity. Future changes are most pronounced in coniferous forests and boreal biomes. Disturbances, such as fires, insect outbreaks, and windthrows, are integral to forest ecosystems, shaping structure, composition, and function. Recent changes in disturbance regimes, driven by climate, have increased disturbance frequency and severity globally. These changes threaten ecosystem services and may lead to irreversible ecosystem shifts. Current research highlights the importance of direct climate effects, but indirect and interaction effects are also significant. Climate change is expected to increase disturbance activity, particularly in coniferous forests. Future management must address these changes to ensure forest resilience and ecosystem services. The study emphasizes the need for integrated models to understand complex interactions between climate, vegetation, and disturbances.