This book by John Liep examines the indigenous money system of Rossel Island, challenging earlier assumptions that it was an early form of Western capitalism. It highlights the unique economic system of the islanders, which is rooted in their own institutions and not in Western commercial practices. The book is the second ethnographic monograph on Rossel Island, following Armstrong's earlier work, which was based on limited fieldwork. Rossel Island, located far east of Papua New Guinea, is inhabited by a people genetically and linguistically distinct from the surrounding Austronesian peoples, with a rich and vibrant culture. The population has grown significantly, reaching 4,000, with factors such as improved healthcare and changing social norms contributing to this growth. However, challenges such as malaria resistance, AIDS, and the decline of the Catholic Mission are affecting the community. The island's economy has shifted from copra trade to beche-de-mer fishing, which brings in substantial cash, though much of it is spent on non-essential items. Education has flourished, with efforts to promote literacy in the local language. Despite these changes, Rossel's cultural life remains vibrant, with traditional practices continuing. The islanders maintain a complex belief system that includes Christianity, traditional spirits, and sorcery. A cargo cult has emerged, influenced by myths of ancient times and the belief in hidden gold. This cult has attracted attention, leading to international interest in gold exploration on nearby islands. Rossel Island society is caught between tradition and modernity. While globalization may not be an unstoppable force, rising fuel costs and the threat of AIDS pose significant challenges. The islanders' ability to adapt and maintain their cultural identity amidst these changes is a testament to their resilience.This book by John Liep examines the indigenous money system of Rossel Island, challenging earlier assumptions that it was an early form of Western capitalism. It highlights the unique economic system of the islanders, which is rooted in their own institutions and not in Western commercial practices. The book is the second ethnographic monograph on Rossel Island, following Armstrong's earlier work, which was based on limited fieldwork. Rossel Island, located far east of Papua New Guinea, is inhabited by a people genetically and linguistically distinct from the surrounding Austronesian peoples, with a rich and vibrant culture. The population has grown significantly, reaching 4,000, with factors such as improved healthcare and changing social norms contributing to this growth. However, challenges such as malaria resistance, AIDS, and the decline of the Catholic Mission are affecting the community. The island's economy has shifted from copra trade to beche-de-mer fishing, which brings in substantial cash, though much of it is spent on non-essential items. Education has flourished, with efforts to promote literacy in the local language. Despite these changes, Rossel's cultural life remains vibrant, with traditional practices continuing. The islanders maintain a complex belief system that includes Christianity, traditional spirits, and sorcery. A cargo cult has emerged, influenced by myths of ancient times and the belief in hidden gold. This cult has attracted attention, leading to international interest in gold exploration on nearby islands. Rossel Island society is caught between tradition and modernity. While globalization may not be an unstoppable force, rising fuel costs and the threat of AIDS pose significant challenges. The islanders' ability to adapt and maintain their cultural identity amidst these changes is a testament to their resilience.