Formation and propagation of matter wave soliton trains

Formation and propagation of matter wave soliton trains

| Kevin E. Strecke, Guthrie B. Partridge, Andrew G. Truscott & Randall G. Hulet
This paper reports the formation and propagation of bright matter wave solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of $ {}^{7}Li $ atoms. The solitons are created by tuning the atomic interactions from repulsive to attractive using a magnetic field. The solitons are observed to propagate in the optical trap for many oscillatory cycles without spreading, indicating their stability. The solitons are formed when the attractive interactions exactly compensate for wave packet dispersion. The solitons are observed to interact with each other, with repulsive interactions inferred from their motion. The solitons are created from a stable BEC by magnetically tuning the interactions. The solitons are observed to form a "soliton train" containing many solitons. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. The solitons are observed to have alternating phase structures, which can be inferred from the relative motion of the solitons. The solitons are observed to have a short-range repulsive force between them, with interaction forces varying exponentially with the distance between them and being attractive or repulsive depending on their relative phase. The solitons are observed to have a linear relationship between the number of solitons and the condensate velocity. The solitons are observed to have a maximum number of atoms that ensures stability, which is much smaller than the number of atoms in the initial repulsive condensate. The solitons are observed to have a remarkable similarity to optical solitons in fibers, highlighting the connection between atom optics and light optics. The paper also discusses the dynamical process of soliton formation and the potential applications of solitons in precision measurement applications.This paper reports the formation and propagation of bright matter wave solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of $ {}^{7}Li $ atoms. The solitons are created by tuning the atomic interactions from repulsive to attractive using a magnetic field. The solitons are observed to propagate in the optical trap for many oscillatory cycles without spreading, indicating their stability. The solitons are formed when the attractive interactions exactly compensate for wave packet dispersion. The solitons are observed to interact with each other, with repulsive interactions inferred from their motion. The solitons are created from a stable BEC by magnetically tuning the interactions. The solitons are observed to form a "soliton train" containing many solitons. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. The solitons are observed to have alternating phase structures, which can be inferred from the relative motion of the solitons. The solitons are observed to have a short-range repulsive force between them, with interaction forces varying exponentially with the distance between them and being attractive or repulsive depending on their relative phase. The solitons are observed to have a linear relationship between the number of solitons and the condensate velocity. The solitons are observed to have a maximum number of atoms that ensures stability, which is much smaller than the number of atoms in the initial repulsive condensate. The solitons are observed to have a remarkable similarity to optical solitons in fibers, highlighting the connection between atom optics and light optics. The paper also discusses the dynamical process of soliton formation and the potential applications of solitons in precision measurement applications.
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