Foundations of Bilevel Programming is a comprehensive monograph on bilevel programming problems, which are optimization problems where one optimization problem is embedded within the constraints of another. The book is edited by Panos Pardalos and includes contributions from leading experts in the field. The author, Stephan Dempe, provides an in-depth analysis of bilevel programming, covering its theoretical foundations, applications, and solution methods. The book is structured into eight chapters, starting with an introduction to bilevel programming, followed by applications in various fields such as economics, environmental economics, and chemical equilibria. It then delves into linear bilevel problems, parametric optimization, optimality conditions, solution algorithms, and discrete bilevel problems. The monograph also discusses the concept of bilevel programming as a hierarchical optimization problem, where the upper level problem seeks to achieve a goal while considering the reaction of the lower level problem. The book addresses the complexity of bilevel programming problems, which are NP-hard and require careful consideration of regularity conditions. The author emphasizes the importance of both optimistic and pessimistic solution concepts, as well as different reformulations of bilevel problems as single-level optimization problems. The book is intended for applied mathematicians, operations researchers, and economists, and provides a thorough overview of the theory and applications of bilevel programming. It includes a detailed discussion of optimality conditions, solution algorithms, and applications in various fields. The author also acknowledges the contributions of colleagues and students who have helped in the development of the theory and applications of bilevel programming. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of mathematical optimization and related disciplines.Foundations of Bilevel Programming is a comprehensive monograph on bilevel programming problems, which are optimization problems where one optimization problem is embedded within the constraints of another. The book is edited by Panos Pardalos and includes contributions from leading experts in the field. The author, Stephan Dempe, provides an in-depth analysis of bilevel programming, covering its theoretical foundations, applications, and solution methods. The book is structured into eight chapters, starting with an introduction to bilevel programming, followed by applications in various fields such as economics, environmental economics, and chemical equilibria. It then delves into linear bilevel problems, parametric optimization, optimality conditions, solution algorithms, and discrete bilevel problems. The monograph also discusses the concept of bilevel programming as a hierarchical optimization problem, where the upper level problem seeks to achieve a goal while considering the reaction of the lower level problem. The book addresses the complexity of bilevel programming problems, which are NP-hard and require careful consideration of regularity conditions. The author emphasizes the importance of both optimistic and pessimistic solution concepts, as well as different reformulations of bilevel problems as single-level optimization problems. The book is intended for applied mathematicians, operations researchers, and economists, and provides a thorough overview of the theory and applications of bilevel programming. It includes a detailed discussion of optimality conditions, solution algorithms, and applications in various fields. The author also acknowledges the contributions of colleagues and students who have helped in the development of the theory and applications of bilevel programming. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of mathematical optimization and related disciplines.