The article "From Birth to Weaning: A Window of Opportunity for Microbiota" explores the critical role of nutrition during pregnancy and early life in shaping the gut microbiota, which is essential for long-term health. The first 1000 days of life are a crucial period for microbiota development, influenced by maternal diet, gestational nutrition, and postnatal feeding practices. The gut microbiota, which begins to colonize during intrauterine life, plays a key role in nutrient absorption, immune system development, and overall health. Early nutritional interventions during pregnancy and infancy can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting a balanced microbial ecosystem that supports health. The study reviews the impact of nutrition from pregnancy to early life on the microbiota, emphasizing the importance of maternal diet, mode of delivery, and early feeding practices. It highlights the role of human milk in shaping the infant microbiota, with components such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) acting as prebiotics that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. The article also discusses the effects of infant formula, including the addition of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, which can help modulate the microbiota and support infant health. The development of the gut microbiota during weaning is influenced by dietary changes, with an increase in microbial diversity and complexity as solid foods are introduced. The transition to solid foods is associated with changes in the microbiota composition, with a shift from milk-related bacteria to those capable of fermenting complex nutrients. The article also emphasizes the importance of early nutritional education and the role of family environment in shaping healthy eating habits. The gut microbiota is closely linked to brain development and the gut-brain axis, with microbial signals influencing neural circuits and cognitive function. The microbiota also plays a role in immune system development and the prevention of diseases such as allergies and autoimmune disorders. The study concludes that future research should focus on personalized nutrition strategies to modulate the microbiota and promote long-term health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants.The article "From Birth to Weaning: A Window of Opportunity for Microbiota" explores the critical role of nutrition during pregnancy and early life in shaping the gut microbiota, which is essential for long-term health. The first 1000 days of life are a crucial period for microbiota development, influenced by maternal diet, gestational nutrition, and postnatal feeding practices. The gut microbiota, which begins to colonize during intrauterine life, plays a key role in nutrient absorption, immune system development, and overall health. Early nutritional interventions during pregnancy and infancy can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting a balanced microbial ecosystem that supports health. The study reviews the impact of nutrition from pregnancy to early life on the microbiota, emphasizing the importance of maternal diet, mode of delivery, and early feeding practices. It highlights the role of human milk in shaping the infant microbiota, with components such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) acting as prebiotics that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. The article also discusses the effects of infant formula, including the addition of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, which can help modulate the microbiota and support infant health. The development of the gut microbiota during weaning is influenced by dietary changes, with an increase in microbial diversity and complexity as solid foods are introduced. The transition to solid foods is associated with changes in the microbiota composition, with a shift from milk-related bacteria to those capable of fermenting complex nutrients. The article also emphasizes the importance of early nutritional education and the role of family environment in shaping healthy eating habits. The gut microbiota is closely linked to brain development and the gut-brain axis, with microbial signals influencing neural circuits and cognitive function. The microbiota also plays a role in immune system development and the prevention of diseases such as allergies and autoimmune disorders. The study concludes that future research should focus on personalized nutrition strategies to modulate the microbiota and promote long-term health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants.