This review paper discusses the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma, highlighting the need for a comprehensive framework to understand how stigma affects individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework is introduced, which outlines how the stigma of HIV leads to various stigma mechanisms that impact both HIV uninfected and infected individuals. The framework identifies three key stigma mechanisms for HIV uninfected individuals: prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination, while for HIV infected individuals, it includes enacted stigma, anticipated stigma, and internalized stigma. These mechanisms are linked to various psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes. The paper reviews existing measures of HIV stigma, emphasizing the importance of considering different perspectives and stigma mechanisms. It highlights that many measures focus on the perspectives of HIV uninfected individuals, while fewer examine those of HIV infected individuals. Additionally, the review finds that many measures do not differentiate between stigma mechanisms, which can limit their utility in understanding the impact of HIV stigma. The paper also discusses the psychometric properties of these measures, noting that while many have been tested for reliability and validity, there is a need for more detailed assessments. The review concludes that a better understanding of HIV stigma is essential for effective prevention and treatment efforts. It recommends that future research should focus on differentiating between stigma mechanisms and considering the perspectives of both HIV uninfected and infected individuals. This approach would allow for more targeted interventions and a better understanding of how HIV stigma affects individuals.This review paper discusses the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma, highlighting the need for a comprehensive framework to understand how stigma affects individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework is introduced, which outlines how the stigma of HIV leads to various stigma mechanisms that impact both HIV uninfected and infected individuals. The framework identifies three key stigma mechanisms for HIV uninfected individuals: prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination, while for HIV infected individuals, it includes enacted stigma, anticipated stigma, and internalized stigma. These mechanisms are linked to various psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes. The paper reviews existing measures of HIV stigma, emphasizing the importance of considering different perspectives and stigma mechanisms. It highlights that many measures focus on the perspectives of HIV uninfected individuals, while fewer examine those of HIV infected individuals. Additionally, the review finds that many measures do not differentiate between stigma mechanisms, which can limit their utility in understanding the impact of HIV stigma. The paper also discusses the psychometric properties of these measures, noting that while many have been tested for reliability and validity, there is a need for more detailed assessments. The review concludes that a better understanding of HIV stigma is essential for effective prevention and treatment efforts. It recommends that future research should focus on differentiating between stigma mechanisms and considering the perspectives of both HIV uninfected and infected individuals. This approach would allow for more targeted interventions and a better understanding of how HIV stigma affects individuals.