The article reviews the significant milestones and advancements in the field of ageing research over the past three decades. It highlights the discovery of calorie restriction as a method to increase lifespan in mice and rats, which was later confirmed in various species, including primates. This discovery marked the beginning of genetic studies on ageing, leading to the identification of genes that extend lifespan in multicellular organisms. The article discusses key ageing pathways and processes, such as the insulin-like signaling pathway, Target of Rapamycin (TOR), sirtuins, and NAD⁺, and their roles in lifespan extension and healthspan improvement. It also explores the impact of circadian clocks, mitochondrial function, and senescence on ageing. The authors argue that ageing research is entering a new era with significant medical, commercial, and societal implications, and that interventions targeting conserved ageing pathways could potentially prevent or ameliorate multiple age-related diseases. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in ageing research, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to assess ageing processes and the potential of clinical trials to test geroprotective interventions.The article reviews the significant milestones and advancements in the field of ageing research over the past three decades. It highlights the discovery of calorie restriction as a method to increase lifespan in mice and rats, which was later confirmed in various species, including primates. This discovery marked the beginning of genetic studies on ageing, leading to the identification of genes that extend lifespan in multicellular organisms. The article discusses key ageing pathways and processes, such as the insulin-like signaling pathway, Target of Rapamycin (TOR), sirtuins, and NAD⁺, and their roles in lifespan extension and healthspan improvement. It also explores the impact of circadian clocks, mitochondrial function, and senescence on ageing. The authors argue that ageing research is entering a new era with significant medical, commercial, and societal implications, and that interventions targeting conserved ageing pathways could potentially prevent or ameliorate multiple age-related diseases. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in ageing research, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to assess ageing processes and the potential of clinical trials to test geroprotective interventions.