The article discusses the progress in ageing research and its implications for healthy ageing. It highlights key discoveries, such as the 1939 finding that calorie restriction extends lifespan in mice and rats, and the 1993 discovery that a mutation in the daf-2 gene in C. elegans significantly increases lifespan. These findings laid the groundwork for understanding the genetic basis of ageing and the role of pathways like insulin-like signalling and the target of rapamycin (TOR). The article also explores other key mechanisms, including sirtuins, NAD⁺, circadian clocks, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and proteostasis. These mechanisms are interconnected and influence the ageing process. The concept of geroscience is introduced, which focuses on targeting conserved ageing pathways to improve healthspan and lifespan. The article discusses the potential of interventions such as drugs, exercise, and dietary changes to combat age-related diseases. It also addresses challenges in translating findings from model organisms to humans, including genetic variability and the need for biomarkers of ageing. The article concludes that while significant progress has been made, further research is needed to fully understand and harness the mechanisms of ageing for healthy longevity.The article discusses the progress in ageing research and its implications for healthy ageing. It highlights key discoveries, such as the 1939 finding that calorie restriction extends lifespan in mice and rats, and the 1993 discovery that a mutation in the daf-2 gene in C. elegans significantly increases lifespan. These findings laid the groundwork for understanding the genetic basis of ageing and the role of pathways like insulin-like signalling and the target of rapamycin (TOR). The article also explores other key mechanisms, including sirtuins, NAD⁺, circadian clocks, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and proteostasis. These mechanisms are interconnected and influence the ageing process. The concept of geroscience is introduced, which focuses on targeting conserved ageing pathways to improve healthspan and lifespan. The article discusses the potential of interventions such as drugs, exercise, and dietary changes to combat age-related diseases. It also addresses challenges in translating findings from model organisms to humans, including genetic variability and the need for biomarkers of ageing. The article concludes that while significant progress has been made, further research is needed to fully understand and harness the mechanisms of ageing for healthy longevity.