The article reviews the foodborne diseases caused by *Bacillus cereus*, a widespread bacterium found in soil and plants, as well as in the intestinal tracts of insects and mammals. *B. cereus* can cause two types of gastrointestinal illness: emetic and diarrhoeal. The emetic syndrome is caused by the production of cereulide, a small ring-formed dodecadepsipeptide, while the diarrhoeal syndrome is caused by protein enterotoxins produced by vegetative cells. The article discusses the characteristics and identification of *B. cereus*, its reservoirs and lifestyles, and the infective doses required for both types of foodborne disease. It also details the detection methods for cereulide and the cytotoxins associated with *B. cereus* foodborne disease, including haemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), and cytotoxin K (CytK). The article highlights the importance of understanding the virulence regulation mechanisms and the role of plasmids in the production of these toxins.The article reviews the foodborne diseases caused by *Bacillus cereus*, a widespread bacterium found in soil and plants, as well as in the intestinal tracts of insects and mammals. *B. cereus* can cause two types of gastrointestinal illness: emetic and diarrhoeal. The emetic syndrome is caused by the production of cereulide, a small ring-formed dodecadepsipeptide, while the diarrhoeal syndrome is caused by protein enterotoxins produced by vegetative cells. The article discusses the characteristics and identification of *B. cereus*, its reservoirs and lifestyles, and the infective doses required for both types of foodborne disease. It also details the detection methods for cereulide and the cytotoxins associated with *B. cereus* foodborne disease, including haemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), and cytotoxin K (CytK). The article highlights the importance of understanding the virulence regulation mechanisms and the role of plasmids in the production of these toxins.