This review discusses the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis and its role in bacterial growth and morphology. Peptidoglycan, a mesh-like sacculus, maintains cell shape and provides mechanical strength. The synthesis of peptidoglycan involves glycosyltransferases (GTases) and DD-transpeptidases (DD-TPases), which are guided by bacterial cytoskeletal elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan growth is regulated from outside the sacculus, and is sensitive to mechanical force and nutritional status. Peptidoglycan hydrolases play a role in generating cell shape and in sacculus remodelling. The review highlights the roles of various enzymes and proteins in peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis, including peptidoglycan synthases such as PBP1A, PBP1B, and PBP1C, and hydrolases such as autolysins. The cytoskeleton, including MreB and FtsZ, is essential for cell elongation and division. The review also discusses the role of cytoskeletal-like elements in mechanical control of growth and the regulation of hydrolase activity. The study of peptidoglycan synthesis and its control is an active area of research, with new technologies providing insights into the complex processes involved. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding peptidoglycan synthesis in the context of bacterial growth, morphology, and the coordination with other cellular processes.This review discusses the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis and its role in bacterial growth and morphology. Peptidoglycan, a mesh-like sacculus, maintains cell shape and provides mechanical strength. The synthesis of peptidoglycan involves glycosyltransferases (GTases) and DD-transpeptidases (DD-TPases), which are guided by bacterial cytoskeletal elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan growth is regulated from outside the sacculus, and is sensitive to mechanical force and nutritional status. Peptidoglycan hydrolases play a role in generating cell shape and in sacculus remodelling. The review highlights the roles of various enzymes and proteins in peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis, including peptidoglycan synthases such as PBP1A, PBP1B, and PBP1C, and hydrolases such as autolysins. The cytoskeleton, including MreB and FtsZ, is essential for cell elongation and division. The review also discusses the role of cytoskeletal-like elements in mechanical control of growth and the regulation of hydrolase activity. The study of peptidoglycan synthesis and its control is an active area of research, with new technologies providing insights into the complex processes involved. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding peptidoglycan synthesis in the context of bacterial growth, morphology, and the coordination with other cellular processes.