The article discusses the development of cognitive abilities linked to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in children and the neural mechanisms underlying these abilities. It emphasizes the importance of using multiple tasks to study brain-behavior relationships during development. The DLPFC is involved in memory, inhibitory control, and the ability to relate information across time and space. The article outlines several guidelines for research on brain-behavior relationships in development, including the use of convergent validity, divergent validity, and the comparison of qualitative and quantitative aspects of performance. The study uses tasks such as the A $ \overline{B} $ task, delayed response task, and object retrieval task to examine the development of abilities linked to the DLPFC. These tasks require memory, inhibition, and the ability to flexibly switch responses. The results show that performance on these tasks improves during the same period of development in both human infants and infant monkeys. Lesions to the DLPFC impair performance on these tasks, while lesions to other brain regions, such as the parietal cortex or hippocampus, do not. The article also discusses the importance of studying brain-behavior relationships in children directly, using tasks that are appropriate for their age and development. It highlights the role of dopamine in the development of DLPFC function and the importance of using non-invasive measures of brain function, such as EEG and PET, to study brain development in children. The study concludes that while the DLPFC is not fully mature until puberty, there are significant developmental changes in the abilities it supports during early childhood. The article emphasizes the need for continued research to understand the complex relationship between brain development and cognitive abilities.The article discusses the development of cognitive abilities linked to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in children and the neural mechanisms underlying these abilities. It emphasizes the importance of using multiple tasks to study brain-behavior relationships during development. The DLPFC is involved in memory, inhibitory control, and the ability to relate information across time and space. The article outlines several guidelines for research on brain-behavior relationships in development, including the use of convergent validity, divergent validity, and the comparison of qualitative and quantitative aspects of performance. The study uses tasks such as the A $ \overline{B} $ task, delayed response task, and object retrieval task to examine the development of abilities linked to the DLPFC. These tasks require memory, inhibition, and the ability to flexibly switch responses. The results show that performance on these tasks improves during the same period of development in both human infants and infant monkeys. Lesions to the DLPFC impair performance on these tasks, while lesions to other brain regions, such as the parietal cortex or hippocampus, do not. The article also discusses the importance of studying brain-behavior relationships in children directly, using tasks that are appropriate for their age and development. It highlights the role of dopamine in the development of DLPFC function and the importance of using non-invasive measures of brain function, such as EEG and PET, to study brain development in children. The study concludes that while the DLPFC is not fully mature until puberty, there are significant developmental changes in the abilities it supports during early childhood. The article emphasizes the need for continued research to understand the complex relationship between brain development and cognitive abilities.