Frontal theta oscillations in the mid-frontal cortex are proposed as a key mechanism for cognitive control. These oscillations, measured through human scalp EEG, reflect a common computational process involved in the need for cognitive control. They enable communication of this need across different brain regions, facilitating adaptive control in uncertain situations. Theta band activities are associated with events requiring increased cognitive control, such as novelty, conflict, punishment, and error. These activities are linked to ERP components like the N2, FRN, CRN, and ERN, which are associated with cognitive control processes. Theta oscillations are thought to act as temporal templates for organizing neural processes, particularly during decision-making and action selection. They are also linked to cognitive effort, working memory, and anxious temperament. Theta phase synchrony is considered a biologically plausible mechanism for neuronal computation and communication, enabling information transfer between brain regions. Theta band phase consistency is thought to reflect the instantiation of transient functional networks, allowing for the coordination of information across different brain areas. Frontal theta is a candidate mechanism for cognitive control, reflecting a canonical computation of the need for control and enabling the implementation of control through inter-site theta phase synchrony. Computational models suggest that the information content of frontal theta can be derived, and it is involved in adaptive control processes. The study highlights the role of frontal theta in cognitive control, emphasizing its importance in communication and coordination across brain regions.Frontal theta oscillations in the mid-frontal cortex are proposed as a key mechanism for cognitive control. These oscillations, measured through human scalp EEG, reflect a common computational process involved in the need for cognitive control. They enable communication of this need across different brain regions, facilitating adaptive control in uncertain situations. Theta band activities are associated with events requiring increased cognitive control, such as novelty, conflict, punishment, and error. These activities are linked to ERP components like the N2, FRN, CRN, and ERN, which are associated with cognitive control processes. Theta oscillations are thought to act as temporal templates for organizing neural processes, particularly during decision-making and action selection. They are also linked to cognitive effort, working memory, and anxious temperament. Theta phase synchrony is considered a biologically plausible mechanism for neuronal computation and communication, enabling information transfer between brain regions. Theta band phase consistency is thought to reflect the instantiation of transient functional networks, allowing for the coordination of information across different brain areas. Frontal theta is a candidate mechanism for cognitive control, reflecting a canonical computation of the need for control and enabling the implementation of control through inter-site theta phase synchrony. Computational models suggest that the information content of frontal theta can be derived, and it is involved in adaptive control processes. The study highlights the role of frontal theta in cognitive control, emphasizing its importance in communication and coordination across brain regions.