Photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis offers a promising approach for producing value-added chemicals from renewable precursors. This review summarizes recent advancements in PEC catalysis for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, focusing on the fundamentals, common fabrication methods, and challenges in the field. PEC catalysis involves the use of light to generate charge carriers in a semiconductor, which are then used to reduce or oxidize feedstocks. The process is evaluated based on factors such as current density, selectivity, and Faradaic efficiency. The review highlights the importance of optimizing photoelectrode design, including the geometry of light illumination, to enhance performance. It also discusses the differences between direct and indirect PEC processes, where the latter uses redox mediators to facilitate reactions. Key efficiency metrics, such as solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and Faradaic efficiency, are reviewed to assess the overall performance of PEC systems. The review also covers various photoelectrode fabrication methods, including drop casting, spin coating, doctor blade, finger rubbing, and vacuum filter transfer, each with its own advantages and limitations. The review emphasizes the need for further research to improve the efficiency and commercial viability of PEC catalysis for sustainable chemical synthesis.Photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis offers a promising approach for producing value-added chemicals from renewable precursors. This review summarizes recent advancements in PEC catalysis for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, focusing on the fundamentals, common fabrication methods, and challenges in the field. PEC catalysis involves the use of light to generate charge carriers in a semiconductor, which are then used to reduce or oxidize feedstocks. The process is evaluated based on factors such as current density, selectivity, and Faradaic efficiency. The review highlights the importance of optimizing photoelectrode design, including the geometry of light illumination, to enhance performance. It also discusses the differences between direct and indirect PEC processes, where the latter uses redox mediators to facilitate reactions. Key efficiency metrics, such as solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and Faradaic efficiency, are reviewed to assess the overall performance of PEC systems. The review also covers various photoelectrode fabrication methods, including drop casting, spin coating, doctor blade, finger rubbing, and vacuum filter transfer, each with its own advantages and limitations. The review emphasizes the need for further research to improve the efficiency and commercial viability of PEC catalysis for sustainable chemical synthesis.