February 18, 2014 | Szabolcs Borsányi, Zoltán Fodor, Christian Hoelbling, Sándor D. Katz, Stefan Krieg, Kálmán K. Szabó
This paper presents a full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors. The study uses a Symanzik improved gauge action and a stout-link improved staggered fermion action. The quark masses are set to their physical values, and the continuum extrapolation is carried out. The results extend previous studies to finer lattices with $ N_t = 6, 8, 10, 12 $ up to $ N_t = 16 $. The findings confirm earlier results and provide a detailed analysis of the equation of state (EoS) parameters, including pressure, energy density, trace anomaly, entropy, and speed of sound as functions of temperature and chemical potential. The results are consistent with previous studies and include a continuum extrapolation for the EoS at three characteristic temperatures. The study also addresses the issue of the trace anomaly's peak height and the distance of the EoS from the Stefan-Boltzmann limit. The results are compared with those from the hotQCD Collaboration and the Hadron Resonance Gas model. The paper provides a parametrization of the trace anomaly and confirms the consistency of the results with previous studies. The results are available for download and include a detailed analysis of the systematic errors and the continuum extrapolation. The study also includes a comparison of the results with different actions and scale settings, and confirms the reliability of the continuum extrapolation. The paper concludes that the results are consistent with previous studies and provide a complete understanding of the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors.This paper presents a full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors. The study uses a Symanzik improved gauge action and a stout-link improved staggered fermion action. The quark masses are set to their physical values, and the continuum extrapolation is carried out. The results extend previous studies to finer lattices with $ N_t = 6, 8, 10, 12 $ up to $ N_t = 16 $. The findings confirm earlier results and provide a detailed analysis of the equation of state (EoS) parameters, including pressure, energy density, trace anomaly, entropy, and speed of sound as functions of temperature and chemical potential. The results are consistent with previous studies and include a continuum extrapolation for the EoS at three characteristic temperatures. The study also addresses the issue of the trace anomaly's peak height and the distance of the EoS from the Stefan-Boltzmann limit. The results are compared with those from the hotQCD Collaboration and the Hadron Resonance Gas model. The paper provides a parametrization of the trace anomaly and confirms the consistency of the results with previous studies. The results are available for download and include a detailed analysis of the systematic errors and the continuum extrapolation. The study also includes a comparison of the results with different actions and scale settings, and confirms the reliability of the continuum extrapolation. The paper concludes that the results are consistent with previous studies and provide a complete understanding of the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors.