Akkermansia muciniphila is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gut, making up 3–5% of the human microbiome. It is a promising next-generation probiotic with clinical application prospects. Recent studies have shown various beneficial effects of A. muciniphila, including anti-cancer, delaying aging, reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating nervous system function. However, its roles and mechanisms in infectious diseases are still unclear. This review summarizes the basic characteristics, genome and phenotype diversity, and the influence of A. muciniphila and its derived components on infectious diseases such as sepsis, virus infection, enteric infection, periodontitis, and foodborne pathogen-induced infections. It also provides updates on the mechanisms by which A. muciniphila protects intestinal barrier integrity and modulates host immune response. A. muciniphila is a promising therapeutic probiotic that may be applied for the treatment of various infectious diseases. A. muciniphila is a next-generation probiotic with promising clinical application prospects. It is a resident of the human gut, making up 3–5% of the human microbiome. It can grow in the intestinal mucus layer and feed on mucin secreted by the host, thereby colonizing the intestine through competitive rejection and protecting the intestine from pathogens. Recent studies have shown that A. muciniphila has beneficial effects on various fields including anti-cancer, delaying aging, reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating nervous system function. Oral doses of 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming unit (CFU) in human volunteers are very safe, regardless of whether A. muciniphila bacteria are live or dead. In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority confirmed the safety of pasteurized A. muciniphila and approved it for use as a novel food. There is growing interest in the research of A. muciniphila, and many animal experiments confirm its positive roles in infectious diseases. A. muciniphila is present in distinct parts of the human mucosa and fecal samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was also isolated from blood-culture samples of an 18-year-old woman and breast milk of healthy humans. A. muciniphila presents at different stages of human life, whereas the levels varied between different ages and regions. A. muciniphila colonization starts in early life and increases to a level similar to adults within a year, whereas the abundance of the elderly decreased. A. muciniphila is present in distinct parts of the human mucosa and fecal samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was also isolated from blood-culture samples of an 18-year-old woman and breast milk of healthy humans. A. muciniphila presents at different stages of human life,Akkermansia muciniphila is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gut, making up 3–5% of the human microbiome. It is a promising next-generation probiotic with clinical application prospects. Recent studies have shown various beneficial effects of A. muciniphila, including anti-cancer, delaying aging, reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating nervous system function. However, its roles and mechanisms in infectious diseases are still unclear. This review summarizes the basic characteristics, genome and phenotype diversity, and the influence of A. muciniphila and its derived components on infectious diseases such as sepsis, virus infection, enteric infection, periodontitis, and foodborne pathogen-induced infections. It also provides updates on the mechanisms by which A. muciniphila protects intestinal barrier integrity and modulates host immune response. A. muciniphila is a promising therapeutic probiotic that may be applied for the treatment of various infectious diseases. A. muciniphila is a next-generation probiotic with promising clinical application prospects. It is a resident of the human gut, making up 3–5% of the human microbiome. It can grow in the intestinal mucus layer and feed on mucin secreted by the host, thereby colonizing the intestine through competitive rejection and protecting the intestine from pathogens. Recent studies have shown that A. muciniphila has beneficial effects on various fields including anti-cancer, delaying aging, reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating nervous system function. Oral doses of 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming unit (CFU) in human volunteers are very safe, regardless of whether A. muciniphila bacteria are live or dead. In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority confirmed the safety of pasteurized A. muciniphila and approved it for use as a novel food. There is growing interest in the research of A. muciniphila, and many animal experiments confirm its positive roles in infectious diseases. A. muciniphila is present in distinct parts of the human mucosa and fecal samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was also isolated from blood-culture samples of an 18-year-old woman and breast milk of healthy humans. A. muciniphila presents at different stages of human life, whereas the levels varied between different ages and regions. A. muciniphila colonization starts in early life and increases to a level similar to adults within a year, whereas the abundance of the elderly decreased. A. muciniphila is present in distinct parts of the human mucosa and fecal samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was also isolated from blood-culture samples of an 18-year-old woman and breast milk of healthy humans. A. muciniphila presents at different stages of human life,