Functional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have significant potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization, and drug delivery. These scaffolds can be tailored by adjusting their chemical, physical, and biological properties using multi-component compositions and fabrication techniques. Innovations in electrospinning, such as two-component and in-situ mixing electrospinning, and post-modifications, enable controlled anisotropy and porosity. This review discusses materials, techniques, and post-modification methods for functionalizing electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds suitable for biomedical applications. Electrospinning produces nanofibrous scaffolds with high surface-to-volume ratios, tunable porosity, and malleability. These scaffolds can be tailored to achieve desired properties and functionality. For biomedical applications, the physical and biological properties of scaffolds are determined by the materials' chemical compositions. Copolymerization and polymer blending are effective methods to combine different polymers to yield new materials. Examples include poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), collagen-elastin mixtures, and chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) mixtures. The fabrication process, which manipulates fiber diameter, morphology, and scaffold porosity, also plays a crucial role in scaffold properties and functionality. Two-phase electrospinning allows incorporation of drugs or biopolymers inside the fiber core for controlled release. Post-modifications, such as grafting gelatin onto a polyethylene terephthalate scaffold, enhance biocompatibility and cell adhesion. This review focuses on recent progress in using electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications, emphasizing materials, technology, and post-treatment. It covers rational polymer material design, new electrospinning techniques, and post-electrospinning modifications. The three considerations can be combined to generate new functional nanofibrous scaffolds with enhanced physical and biological properties. The review also discusses various polymer blends, including natural and synthetic polymers, and their applications in biomedical scaffolds. The use of electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing is highlighted, along with the potential of composite scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The review concludes with the importance of innovative electrospinning techniques in enhancing scaffold functionality and properties for biomedical applications.Functional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have significant potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization, and drug delivery. These scaffolds can be tailored by adjusting their chemical, physical, and biological properties using multi-component compositions and fabrication techniques. Innovations in electrospinning, such as two-component and in-situ mixing electrospinning, and post-modifications, enable controlled anisotropy and porosity. This review discusses materials, techniques, and post-modification methods for functionalizing electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds suitable for biomedical applications. Electrospinning produces nanofibrous scaffolds with high surface-to-volume ratios, tunable porosity, and malleability. These scaffolds can be tailored to achieve desired properties and functionality. For biomedical applications, the physical and biological properties of scaffolds are determined by the materials' chemical compositions. Copolymerization and polymer blending are effective methods to combine different polymers to yield new materials. Examples include poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), collagen-elastin mixtures, and chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) mixtures. The fabrication process, which manipulates fiber diameter, morphology, and scaffold porosity, also plays a crucial role in scaffold properties and functionality. Two-phase electrospinning allows incorporation of drugs or biopolymers inside the fiber core for controlled release. Post-modifications, such as grafting gelatin onto a polyethylene terephthalate scaffold, enhance biocompatibility and cell adhesion. This review focuses on recent progress in using electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications, emphasizing materials, technology, and post-treatment. It covers rational polymer material design, new electrospinning techniques, and post-electrospinning modifications. The three considerations can be combined to generate new functional nanofibrous scaffolds with enhanced physical and biological properties. The review also discusses various polymer blends, including natural and synthetic polymers, and their applications in biomedical scaffolds. The use of electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing is highlighted, along with the potential of composite scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The review concludes with the importance of innovative electrospinning techniques in enhancing scaffold functionality and properties for biomedical applications.