The article "Functional Myelin in Cognition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders" by Hasni Khelfaoui, Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez, and Maria Cecilia Angulo explores the role of myelin in cognitive processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. Myelin, produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial for the rapid transmission of neuronal information through saltatory conduction. While myelin is well-known for its role in accelerating conduction speed, it also plays a significant role in ensuring precision and coordinating neuronal networks through oscillations. The review highlights the involvement of myelin in various cognitive processes, including memory formation and maintenance, and discusses its potential impact on brain oscillations and cognitive tasks. The authors also delve into the heterogeneity of myelination in the cortex, noting that different types of neurons have distinct myelination patterns. They emphasize the importance of early neuron-OL interactions in myelination and cognitive development, and the role of experience-driven myelin plasticity in motor learning and memory consolidation. The review further examines the relationship between myelin and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, where myelin deficits are associated with altered communication between brain hubs and impaired cognitive functions. Despite the extensive research, the exact mechanisms linking myelin to cognitive processes and neurodevelopmental disorders remain largely unknown. The authors suggest that further studies are needed to understand the complex interplay between myelin, brain oscillations, and cognitive functions, particularly in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. They also highlight the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders, such as promyelinating compounds and antipsychotic drugs that could modulate OL function and improve myelination.The article "Functional Myelin in Cognition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders" by Hasni Khelfaoui, Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez, and Maria Cecilia Angulo explores the role of myelin in cognitive processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. Myelin, produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial for the rapid transmission of neuronal information through saltatory conduction. While myelin is well-known for its role in accelerating conduction speed, it also plays a significant role in ensuring precision and coordinating neuronal networks through oscillations. The review highlights the involvement of myelin in various cognitive processes, including memory formation and maintenance, and discusses its potential impact on brain oscillations and cognitive tasks. The authors also delve into the heterogeneity of myelination in the cortex, noting that different types of neurons have distinct myelination patterns. They emphasize the importance of early neuron-OL interactions in myelination and cognitive development, and the role of experience-driven myelin plasticity in motor learning and memory consolidation. The review further examines the relationship between myelin and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, where myelin deficits are associated with altered communication between brain hubs and impaired cognitive functions. Despite the extensive research, the exact mechanisms linking myelin to cognitive processes and neurodevelopmental disorders remain largely unknown. The authors suggest that further studies are needed to understand the complex interplay between myelin, brain oscillations, and cognitive functions, particularly in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. They also highlight the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders, such as promyelinating compounds and antipsychotic drugs that could modulate OL function and improve myelination.