This paper proposes a framework for green radio (GR) research, integrating fundamental tradeoffs that are currently scattered in the field. The framework consists of four key tradeoffs: deployment efficiency - energy efficiency (DE-EE), spectrum efficiency - energy efficiency (SE-EE), bandwidth - power (BW-PW), and delay - power (DL-PW). These tradeoffs help to string together key network performance and cost indicators. The paper discusses the importance of green evolution in wireless networks due to increasing energy demands and environmental concerns. It highlights the need for energy-efficient designs, as traditional wireless networks focus on access and capacity. Green radio aims to improve energy efficiency, which is crucial for sustainable development and reducing carbon footprints. The DE-EE tradeoff involves balancing deployment cost, throughput, and energy consumption. The SE-EE tradeoff focuses on balancing achievable rate and energy consumption given a bandwidth. The BW-PW tradeoff deals with balancing bandwidth utilization and power needed for transmission. The DL-PW tradeoff involves balancing service delay and power consumption. The paper also discusses the practical implications of these tradeoffs, noting that real-world scenarios may deviate from theoretical models. For example, the DE-EE tradeoff may not always be a simple curve due to factors like limited base station types and energy consumption from site cooling. Similarly, the SE-EE tradeoff may not be consistent due to circuit power consumption affecting the relationship between spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper emphasizes the need for future research to address these tradeoffs in more realistic network scenarios, considering factors like heterogeneous traffic, interference, and dynamic resource allocation. It also highlights the importance of cross-layer optimization and advanced network architectures like heterogeneous networks (HetNet) and cooperative networks (CoopNet) in improving energy efficiency. In conclusion, the framework provides a structured approach to GR research, guiding the development of energy-efficient wireless networks. The insights from this framework are expected to help in designing practical systems that meet the demands of green evolution.This paper proposes a framework for green radio (GR) research, integrating fundamental tradeoffs that are currently scattered in the field. The framework consists of four key tradeoffs: deployment efficiency - energy efficiency (DE-EE), spectrum efficiency - energy efficiency (SE-EE), bandwidth - power (BW-PW), and delay - power (DL-PW). These tradeoffs help to string together key network performance and cost indicators. The paper discusses the importance of green evolution in wireless networks due to increasing energy demands and environmental concerns. It highlights the need for energy-efficient designs, as traditional wireless networks focus on access and capacity. Green radio aims to improve energy efficiency, which is crucial for sustainable development and reducing carbon footprints. The DE-EE tradeoff involves balancing deployment cost, throughput, and energy consumption. The SE-EE tradeoff focuses on balancing achievable rate and energy consumption given a bandwidth. The BW-PW tradeoff deals with balancing bandwidth utilization and power needed for transmission. The DL-PW tradeoff involves balancing service delay and power consumption. The paper also discusses the practical implications of these tradeoffs, noting that real-world scenarios may deviate from theoretical models. For example, the DE-EE tradeoff may not always be a simple curve due to factors like limited base station types and energy consumption from site cooling. Similarly, the SE-EE tradeoff may not be consistent due to circuit power consumption affecting the relationship between spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper emphasizes the need for future research to address these tradeoffs in more realistic network scenarios, considering factors like heterogeneous traffic, interference, and dynamic resource allocation. It also highlights the importance of cross-layer optimization and advanced network architectures like heterogeneous networks (HetNet) and cooperative networks (CoopNet) in improving energy efficiency. In conclusion, the framework provides a structured approach to GR research, guiding the development of energy-efficient wireless networks. The insights from this framework are expected to help in designing practical systems that meet the demands of green evolution.