Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) is a widely used component in catalytic systems, with a long history of application in three-way catalysts (TWCs) since its introduction by Ford in 1976. It is also emerging as a promising material for various catalytic applications, including fuel cells, reforming processes, photocatalysis, and water-gas shift reactions. Recent studies have shown that CeO₂-based materials have significant potential for future market breakthroughs. The fundamental properties of CeO₂, such as its redox behavior and oxygen storage capacity (OSC), are crucial for its catalytic performance. New characterization techniques and theoretical methods are helping to deepen our understanding of these materials, enabling better prediction of their behavior and application potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural properties, redox behavior, and catalytic applications of CeO₂-based materials, organized by their degree of market establishment. The review also discusses the structural properties of CeO₂ and its solid solutions with other metal oxides, the redox properties and oxygen storage capacity, computational studies, nanostructures, model catalysts, and a wide range of catalytic applications, including well-established ones like TWCs and emerging ones such as solid oxide fuel cells, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications. The review highlights the importance of understanding the structural and redox properties of CeO₂-based materials for their application in catalysis and other fields. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities in the development of these materials for practical applications.Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) is a widely used component in catalytic systems, with a long history of application in three-way catalysts (TWCs) since its introduction by Ford in 1976. It is also emerging as a promising material for various catalytic applications, including fuel cells, reforming processes, photocatalysis, and water-gas shift reactions. Recent studies have shown that CeO₂-based materials have significant potential for future market breakthroughs. The fundamental properties of CeO₂, such as its redox behavior and oxygen storage capacity (OSC), are crucial for its catalytic performance. New characterization techniques and theoretical methods are helping to deepen our understanding of these materials, enabling better prediction of their behavior and application potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural properties, redox behavior, and catalytic applications of CeO₂-based materials, organized by their degree of market establishment. The review also discusses the structural properties of CeO₂ and its solid solutions with other metal oxides, the redox properties and oxygen storage capacity, computational studies, nanostructures, model catalysts, and a wide range of catalytic applications, including well-established ones like TWCs and emerging ones such as solid oxide fuel cells, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications. The review highlights the importance of understanding the structural and redox properties of CeO₂-based materials for their application in catalysis and other fields. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities in the development of these materials for practical applications.