The article reviews the potential of fungal endophytes as eco-friendly tools to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants. Fungal endophytes, which are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing disease, have been shown to enhance plant resistance to various stressors. These endophytes can improve plant health by increasing photosynthesis rates, stimulating growth, facilitating nutrient mineralization, and producing bioactive compounds, hormones, and enzymes. The review highlights the mechanisms by which fungal endophytes manage biotic stresses, such as those caused by phytopathogens, pests, and nematodes, and abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals. It also discusses the adverse effects of fungal endophytes on host plants and their interactions with other members of the plant microbiome. The authors emphasize the importance of further research to understand the complex interactions between fungal endophytes and plants, and to develop robust bio-inocula for sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, the article underscores the potential of fungal endophytes as a sustainable solution to reduce chemical pesticide use and improve agricultural productivity and food security.The article reviews the potential of fungal endophytes as eco-friendly tools to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants. Fungal endophytes, which are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing disease, have been shown to enhance plant resistance to various stressors. These endophytes can improve plant health by increasing photosynthesis rates, stimulating growth, facilitating nutrient mineralization, and producing bioactive compounds, hormones, and enzymes. The review highlights the mechanisms by which fungal endophytes manage biotic stresses, such as those caused by phytopathogens, pests, and nematodes, and abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals. It also discusses the adverse effects of fungal endophytes on host plants and their interactions with other members of the plant microbiome. The authors emphasize the importance of further research to understand the complex interactions between fungal endophytes and plants, and to develop robust bio-inocula for sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, the article underscores the potential of fungal endophytes as a sustainable solution to reduce chemical pesticide use and improve agricultural productivity and food security.