Fungal endophytes are beneficial microbes that live inside plant tissues without causing disease. They help plants resist biotic and abiotic stresses by enhancing plant immunity, improving photosynthesis, and producing bioactive compounds. This review highlights the potential of fungal endophytes as sustainable alternatives to chemical treatments in agriculture. They can mitigate biotic stresses caused by pathogens, pests, and nematodes, as well as abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals. Fungal endophytes reduce the need for synthetic chemicals, improve plant growth, and enhance crop productivity. They also contribute to soil health and environmental sustainability. However, some fungal endophytes may pose risks, such as pathogenic effects on non-target plants. Future research should focus on understanding their interactions with the plant microbiome and developing safe, effective biocontrol strategies. Overall, fungal endophytes offer a promising approach to sustainable agriculture by improving plant resilience and reducing reliance on chemical inputs.Fungal endophytes are beneficial microbes that live inside plant tissues without causing disease. They help plants resist biotic and abiotic stresses by enhancing plant immunity, improving photosynthesis, and producing bioactive compounds. This review highlights the potential of fungal endophytes as sustainable alternatives to chemical treatments in agriculture. They can mitigate biotic stresses caused by pathogens, pests, and nematodes, as well as abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals. Fungal endophytes reduce the need for synthetic chemicals, improve plant growth, and enhance crop productivity. They also contribute to soil health and environmental sustainability. However, some fungal endophytes may pose risks, such as pathogenic effects on non-target plants. Future research should focus on understanding their interactions with the plant microbiome and developing safe, effective biocontrol strategies. Overall, fungal endophytes offer a promising approach to sustainable agriculture by improving plant resilience and reducing reliance on chemical inputs.