The paper "Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium" by Maeve Henchion, Maria Hayes, Anne Maria Mullen, Mark Fenelon, and Brijesh Tiwari explores the growing global demand for protein, particularly animal-based protein, and its environmental impacts. The authors highlight that increased demand will place significant pressure on resources, leading to concerns about sustainability and food security. They discuss the potential environmental impacts of increased animal protein consumption, including greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and land conversion. The paper outlines existing protein sources, such as plant-based, meat, dairy, and novel sources like insects and algae, and evaluates their sustainability and potential to meet future demand. Existing sources face challenges related to environmental impacts and health concerns, while novel sources require development of new value chains and addressing issues like production costs, food safety, and consumer acceptance. The authors conclude that a combination of sustainable production practices and the development of new sources is necessary to ensure food security and address the "perfect storm" of increasing demand and environmental pressures.The paper "Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium" by Maeve Henchion, Maria Hayes, Anne Maria Mullen, Mark Fenelon, and Brijesh Tiwari explores the growing global demand for protein, particularly animal-based protein, and its environmental impacts. The authors highlight that increased demand will place significant pressure on resources, leading to concerns about sustainability and food security. They discuss the potential environmental impacts of increased animal protein consumption, including greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and land conversion. The paper outlines existing protein sources, such as plant-based, meat, dairy, and novel sources like insects and algae, and evaluates their sustainability and potential to meet future demand. Existing sources face challenges related to environmental impacts and health concerns, while novel sources require development of new value chains and addressing issues like production costs, food safety, and consumer acceptance. The authors conclude that a combination of sustainable production practices and the development of new sources is necessary to ensure food security and address the "perfect storm" of increasing demand and environmental pressures.