The article reviews the emerging role of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in various biological processes. G4s, formed by the self-association of guanine-rich sequences, have been identified in both DNA and RNA and are abundant in the human genome. These structures are highly conserved and located in functionally important genomic regions, such as telomeres, gene promoters, and introns. G4s can form intramolecular or intermolecular structures and are stabilized by monovalent cations. Their formation can be regulated by protein chaperones and helicases, which play crucial roles in DNA replication, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. G4s have been implicated in regulating gene expression, transcription, and translation, as well as in causing genome instability. The article highlights the need for further research to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of G4 formation and the specific functions of G4s in different cell types.The article reviews the emerging role of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in various biological processes. G4s, formed by the self-association of guanine-rich sequences, have been identified in both DNA and RNA and are abundant in the human genome. These structures are highly conserved and located in functionally important genomic regions, such as telomeres, gene promoters, and introns. G4s can form intramolecular or intermolecular structures and are stabilized by monovalent cations. Their formation can be regulated by protein chaperones and helicases, which play crucial roles in DNA replication, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. G4s have been implicated in regulating gene expression, transcription, and translation, as well as in causing genome instability. The article highlights the need for further research to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of G4 formation and the specific functions of G4s in different cell types.