The article "Global Agricultural Losses and Their Causes" by Junaid MD and Gokce AF discusses the significant impact of various factors on agricultural losses worldwide. The authors highlight that biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors collectively contribute to substantial food losses, affecting global food security and sustainability. Key points include: 1. **Biotic Factors**: Insect pests and weeds are major contributors to agricultural losses. Insect pests account for 38% of losses, while weeds cause 34% of losses. Pathogens also play a detrimental role, with 20-40% of total agricultural productivity losses attributed to them. 2. **Abiotic Factors**: Climate change, global warming, salinity, soil erosion, and drought are significant abiotic factors. Climate change is expected to reduce agricultural yields by 3-16% by 2080, with underdeveloped regions facing more severe impacts. Salinity affects about 50% of irrigated land, and soil erosion degrades arable land. Drought, a persistent lack of precipitation, is a pervasive issue affecting crop growth and productivity. 3. **Anthropogenic Factors**: Human activities, including intensive use of land and water, chemical fertilizers, and greenhouse gas emissions, have severely impacted natural resources. The increasing human population, expected to reach 11 billion by 2100, exacerbates the need for sustainable agricultural practices. The authors emphasize the urgency of minimizing food losses and enhancing agricultural production to ensure food security and sustainability. They call for appropriate strategies to address these issues, particularly in developing countries, where agricultural losses are more acute. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the major factors causing agricultural losses and their severity, highlighting the need for immediate action to protect natural resources and ensure food availability for future generations.The article "Global Agricultural Losses and Their Causes" by Junaid MD and Gokce AF discusses the significant impact of various factors on agricultural losses worldwide. The authors highlight that biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors collectively contribute to substantial food losses, affecting global food security and sustainability. Key points include: 1. **Biotic Factors**: Insect pests and weeds are major contributors to agricultural losses. Insect pests account for 38% of losses, while weeds cause 34% of losses. Pathogens also play a detrimental role, with 20-40% of total agricultural productivity losses attributed to them. 2. **Abiotic Factors**: Climate change, global warming, salinity, soil erosion, and drought are significant abiotic factors. Climate change is expected to reduce agricultural yields by 3-16% by 2080, with underdeveloped regions facing more severe impacts. Salinity affects about 50% of irrigated land, and soil erosion degrades arable land. Drought, a persistent lack of precipitation, is a pervasive issue affecting crop growth and productivity. 3. **Anthropogenic Factors**: Human activities, including intensive use of land and water, chemical fertilizers, and greenhouse gas emissions, have severely impacted natural resources. The increasing human population, expected to reach 11 billion by 2100, exacerbates the need for sustainable agricultural practices. The authors emphasize the urgency of minimizing food losses and enhancing agricultural production to ensure food security and sustainability. They call for appropriate strategies to address these issues, particularly in developing countries, where agricultural losses are more acute. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the major factors causing agricultural losses and their severity, highlighting the need for immediate action to protect natural resources and ensure food availability for future generations.