Galactic winds are a primary mechanism for energy and metal recycling in galaxies, depositing material into the intergalactic medium. New observations have revealed their widespread occurrence, particularly at high redshifts. This review discusses the physics behind these winds, their observational evidence in nearby star-forming and active galaxies, and their implications for galaxy formation and evolution. The authors highlight the importance of galactic winds in shaping the chemical and thermal evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. They also address the challenges in both observational and theoretical studies, aiming to inspire future research. The review covers the fundamental role of galactic winds, their historical development, and the current state of knowledge, emphasizing the need for comprehensive data and detailed theoretical models to fully understand this phenomenon.Galactic winds are a primary mechanism for energy and metal recycling in galaxies, depositing material into the intergalactic medium. New observations have revealed their widespread occurrence, particularly at high redshifts. This review discusses the physics behind these winds, their observational evidence in nearby star-forming and active galaxies, and their implications for galaxy formation and evolution. The authors highlight the importance of galactic winds in shaping the chemical and thermal evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. They also address the challenges in both observational and theoretical studies, aiming to inspire future research. The review covers the fundamental role of galactic winds, their historical development, and the current state of knowledge, emphasizing the need for comprehensive data and detailed theoretical models to fully understand this phenomenon.