Gas Hydrates for Hydrogen Storage: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

Gas Hydrates for Hydrogen Storage: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

30 January 2024 | Min-Kyung Kim, Yun-Ho Ahn
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of gas hydrates for hydrogen storage, highlighting their potential as a green and sustainable solution. Hydrogen, a clean and abundant energy source, is gaining attention due to its eco-friendly characteristics, emitting only water during use. Gas hydrates, composed primarily of water molecules, have emerged as a promising method for hydrogen storage. They release water vapor upon use, aligning with environmental goals. However, ongoing research is essential to improve the efficiency of hydrate formation under various conditions. Early studies focused on storing pure hydrogen within hydrates, which required high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. Researchers have since explored the use of thermodynamic and kinetic promoters to modify these conditions and enhance hydrogen storage capacity. For instance, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Cyclopentane (CP), and 1,3-dioxolane have been used to achieve moderate hydrate-forming conditions. However, these promoters often occupy significant space in the hydrate cages, reducing hydrogen storage capacity. To address this, sub-stoichiometric concentrations of promoters have been proposed to secure more space for hydrogen capture. Additionally, the addition of kinetic promoters, such as surfactants and porous materials, has been investigated to accelerate hydrate formation. Surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and porous materials like silica gel, carbon nanotubes, and superabsorbent polymers have shown promise in increasing the interfacial area between water and gas, thereby promoting faster hydrate formation. The paper also discusses the challenges and future directions in hydrogen technology, emphasizing the need for more stable and efficient production, storage, and transportation methods. The advancement of gas hydrate technologies is crucial for large-scale commercialization, and researchers are actively working to enhance the kinetics and storage capacity of gas hydrates.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of gas hydrates for hydrogen storage, highlighting their potential as a green and sustainable solution. Hydrogen, a clean and abundant energy source, is gaining attention due to its eco-friendly characteristics, emitting only water during use. Gas hydrates, composed primarily of water molecules, have emerged as a promising method for hydrogen storage. They release water vapor upon use, aligning with environmental goals. However, ongoing research is essential to improve the efficiency of hydrate formation under various conditions. Early studies focused on storing pure hydrogen within hydrates, which required high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. Researchers have since explored the use of thermodynamic and kinetic promoters to modify these conditions and enhance hydrogen storage capacity. For instance, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Cyclopentane (CP), and 1,3-dioxolane have been used to achieve moderate hydrate-forming conditions. However, these promoters often occupy significant space in the hydrate cages, reducing hydrogen storage capacity. To address this, sub-stoichiometric concentrations of promoters have been proposed to secure more space for hydrogen capture. Additionally, the addition of kinetic promoters, such as surfactants and porous materials, has been investigated to accelerate hydrate formation. Surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and porous materials like silica gel, carbon nanotubes, and superabsorbent polymers have shown promise in increasing the interfacial area between water and gas, thereby promoting faster hydrate formation. The paper also discusses the challenges and future directions in hydrogen technology, emphasizing the need for more stable and efficient production, storage, and transportation methods. The advancement of gas hydrate technologies is crucial for large-scale commercialization, and researchers are actively working to enhance the kinetics and storage capacity of gas hydrates.
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[slides and audio] Gas Hydrates for Hydrogen Storage%3A A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects