The article discusses the severe impact of the armed conflict in Gaza on children's health and well-being. Gaza, part of the occupied Palestinian territory, has been under an Israeli blockade for 16 years and under occupation for decades. On 7 October 2023, Palestinian armed groups launched an attack on Israel, resulting in the deaths of over 1,200 Israelis, including 36 children. In response, Israeli forces launched aerial bombardments and ground operations in Gaza, leading to a humanitarian pause from 24 November 2023 to 1 December 2023. As of 22 January 2024, over 25,295 people have been killed in Gaza, with 70% being children and women. Additionally, 91 children have been killed in the West Bank by Israeli forces or settlers. The international community has a responsibility to protect children from the effects of armed conflict. International humanitarian law requires parties to conflict to protect children and civilians, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) guarantees children's rights to survival and protection. Children are particularly vulnerable in conflict, and recent data suggests that the rate of child deaths in this conflict may be disproportionately high. The collective punishment of Gaza's young population is a child health catastrophe with long-term consequences. The article highlights six grave violations against children in armed conflict, including the killing and maiming of children, abduction of children, attacks on schools and health facilities, and denial of humanitarian access. These violations have been observed in Gaza, the West Bank, and Israel. The article calls for immediate action to protect children, including an immediate and permanent ceasefire, release of all civilian hostages, and unrestricted humanitarian access. The conflict has resulted in the deaths of over 10,000 children in Gaza, with many more missing. The use of large bombs and white phosphorus has caused severe injuries and deaths. Schools and healthcare facilities have been attacked, leading to the deaths of UNRWA workers and the disruption of medical services. The blockade has restricted access to essential resources, leading to a humanitarian crisis, with hospitals struggling to provide care due to lack of fuel and electricity. The effects of conflict on children include direct harm from violence, injury, and death, as well as indirect effects such as malnutrition, disease, and psychological trauma. The long-term impact of conflict on children's health is significant, with research showing a link between adverse childhood experiences and lifelong health outcomes. The article calls for urgent action to protect children's health and well-being, including the implementation of the UN Special Representative on Children and Armed Conflict Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism, and the embedding of data on conflict's effects on child health into policy and legal frameworks.The article discusses the severe impact of the armed conflict in Gaza on children's health and well-being. Gaza, part of the occupied Palestinian territory, has been under an Israeli blockade for 16 years and under occupation for decades. On 7 October 2023, Palestinian armed groups launched an attack on Israel, resulting in the deaths of over 1,200 Israelis, including 36 children. In response, Israeli forces launched aerial bombardments and ground operations in Gaza, leading to a humanitarian pause from 24 November 2023 to 1 December 2023. As of 22 January 2024, over 25,295 people have been killed in Gaza, with 70% being children and women. Additionally, 91 children have been killed in the West Bank by Israeli forces or settlers. The international community has a responsibility to protect children from the effects of armed conflict. International humanitarian law requires parties to conflict to protect children and civilians, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) guarantees children's rights to survival and protection. Children are particularly vulnerable in conflict, and recent data suggests that the rate of child deaths in this conflict may be disproportionately high. The collective punishment of Gaza's young population is a child health catastrophe with long-term consequences. The article highlights six grave violations against children in armed conflict, including the killing and maiming of children, abduction of children, attacks on schools and health facilities, and denial of humanitarian access. These violations have been observed in Gaza, the West Bank, and Israel. The article calls for immediate action to protect children, including an immediate and permanent ceasefire, release of all civilian hostages, and unrestricted humanitarian access. The conflict has resulted in the deaths of over 10,000 children in Gaza, with many more missing. The use of large bombs and white phosphorus has caused severe injuries and deaths. Schools and healthcare facilities have been attacked, leading to the deaths of UNRWA workers and the disruption of medical services. The blockade has restricted access to essential resources, leading to a humanitarian crisis, with hospitals struggling to provide care due to lack of fuel and electricity. The effects of conflict on children include direct harm from violence, injury, and death, as well as indirect effects such as malnutrition, disease, and psychological trauma. The long-term impact of conflict on children's health is significant, with research showing a link between adverse childhood experiences and lifelong health outcomes. The article calls for urgent action to protect children's health and well-being, including the implementation of the UN Special Representative on Children and Armed Conflict Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism, and the embedding of data on conflict's effects on child health into policy and legal frameworks.