This study investigates the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), while considering the role of genetic susceptibility. The research involved 312,009 initially PD-free participants from the UK Biobank, with data on annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess individual genetic risks for PD. Over a median follow-up of 12.07 years, 2356 PD cases were observed. The results showed that exposure to higher levels of NO2 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of PD, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.247 and 1.201, respectively. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 and PM10 was linked to HRs of 1.089 and 1.363, respectively. Individuals with both significant genetic and PM10 exposure risks had the highest PD development risk (HR: 2.748). Similarly, those with substantial genetic and NO2 exposure risks were over twice as likely to develop PD compared to those with minimal risks (HR: 2.414). The study suggests that exposure to air contaminants heightens PD risk, particularly in individuals genetically predisposed to high susceptibility.This study investigates the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), while considering the role of genetic susceptibility. The research involved 312,009 initially PD-free participants from the UK Biobank, with data on annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess individual genetic risks for PD. Over a median follow-up of 12.07 years, 2356 PD cases were observed. The results showed that exposure to higher levels of NO2 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of PD, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.247 and 1.201, respectively. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 and PM10 was linked to HRs of 1.089 and 1.363, respectively. Individuals with both significant genetic and PM10 exposure risks had the highest PD development risk (HR: 2.748). Similarly, those with substantial genetic and NO2 exposure risks were over twice as likely to develop PD compared to those with minimal risks (HR: 2.414). The study suggests that exposure to air contaminants heightens PD risk, particularly in individuals genetically predisposed to high susceptibility.