The article "Genetics, genomics, and breeding of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]" by Nair et al. provides a comprehensive overview of the black gram (Vigna mungo), a highly nutritious grain legume crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. The authors discuss the crop's history, cultivation practices, and economic importance, highlighting its role in vegetarian diets and various food products. They also address the major production constraints, including biotic and abiotic stresses, and the impact of these factors on yield and quality. The genetic and genomic resources available for black gram are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of germplasm collections and wild relatives in breeding programs. The article details the inheritance patterns of morphological and agronomic traits, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the development of trait-specific genotypes. It also discusses the use of molecular markers, such as SSRs and SNPs, in genetic studies and the construction of genetic linkage maps. Recent advancements in genomics, including whole-genome sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies, have significantly advanced the understanding of black gram genetics. The article highlights the development of reference genomes and the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits like resistance to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) and bruchid infestation. These genomic resources are crucial for improving breeding strategies and enhancing the genetic gains in black gram breeding programs.The article "Genetics, genomics, and breeding of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]" by Nair et al. provides a comprehensive overview of the black gram (Vigna mungo), a highly nutritious grain legume crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. The authors discuss the crop's history, cultivation practices, and economic importance, highlighting its role in vegetarian diets and various food products. They also address the major production constraints, including biotic and abiotic stresses, and the impact of these factors on yield and quality. The genetic and genomic resources available for black gram are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of germplasm collections and wild relatives in breeding programs. The article details the inheritance patterns of morphological and agronomic traits, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the development of trait-specific genotypes. It also discusses the use of molecular markers, such as SSRs and SNPs, in genetic studies and the construction of genetic linkage maps. Recent advancements in genomics, including whole-genome sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies, have significantly advanced the understanding of black gram genetics. The article highlights the development of reference genomes and the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits like resistance to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) and bruchid infestation. These genomic resources are crucial for improving breeding strategies and enhancing the genetic gains in black gram breeding programs.