This review provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic landscape of rust resistance in wheat, aiming to establish a genome atlas of rust resistance loci. The study integrates 920 previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) and characterized genes for leaf rust, stripe/yellow rust, and stem rust from 170 publications over the past two decades. These QTL and genes are positioned across the 21 chromosomes of wheat based on the latest reference genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1). Notably, 26 genomic regions contain multiple rust loci, suggesting pleiotropic effects on two or more rust diseases. The review also discusses strategies to exploit this genetic information for efficient utilization of resistance sources, including genomic selection and marker-assisted selection. Additionally, it highlights the importance of pleiotropic genes like Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 and Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, which confer partial and race-nonspecific resistance to multiple pathogens. The review concludes by emphasizing the potential of computational approaches for targeted and efficient pyramiding of superior haplotypes to enhance rust resistance in wheat.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic landscape of rust resistance in wheat, aiming to establish a genome atlas of rust resistance loci. The study integrates 920 previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) and characterized genes for leaf rust, stripe/yellow rust, and stem rust from 170 publications over the past two decades. These QTL and genes are positioned across the 21 chromosomes of wheat based on the latest reference genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1). Notably, 26 genomic regions contain multiple rust loci, suggesting pleiotropic effects on two or more rust diseases. The review also discusses strategies to exploit this genetic information for efficient utilization of resistance sources, including genomic selection and marker-assisted selection. Additionally, it highlights the importance of pleiotropic genes like Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 and Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, which confer partial and race-nonspecific resistance to multiple pathogens. The review concludes by emphasizing the potential of computational approaches for targeted and efficient pyramiding of superior haplotypes to enhance rust resistance in wheat.