Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma

Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma

2015 June 18 | The Cancer Genome Atlas Network
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analyzed 333 cutaneous melanomas from 331 patients using DNA, RNA, and protein-based methods to identify genomic alterations. They established a classification system into four subtypes based on mutations in BRAF, RAS, NF1, and Triple-WT (wild-type) genes. The Triple-WT subtype showed enrichment of KIT mutations and structural rearrangements. While no significant outcome correlation was found with genomic classification, samples with immune-related gene expression and high LCK protein levels were associated with improved survival. This analysis suggests that melanoma prognosis is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights for personalized therapy. The study identified 228,987 mutations, including SNVs and indels, with 13 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) identified. The BRAF subtype had the highest mutation rate, with 52% of samples harboring BRAF mutations. The RAS subtype had 28% with NRAS mutations, and the NF1 subtype had 14% with NF1 mutations. The Triple-WT subtype had the highest mutation prevalence, with 39 mutations per Mb. The study also identified several novel SMGs, including DDX3X. The study found that the BRAF, RAS, and NF1 subtypes had distinct molecular characteristics, with the BRAF subtype being younger, the NF1 subtype older, and the Triple-WT subtype having a lower UV signature. The Triple-WT subtype showed more copy-number changes and complex structural rearrangements. The study also identified several fusion events and structural rearrangements, with the Triple-WT subtype showing significant enrichment for fusion drivers. The study found that TERT promoter mutations were more common in the BRAF, RAS, and NF1 subtypes than in the Triple-WT subtype. The CIMP phenotype was associated with IDH1 and ARID2 mutations. The study also identified several signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI(3)K, and apoptotic pathways, that were differentially activated in the subtypes. The study performed transcriptomic classification, identifying three robust clusters: "immune," "keratin," and "MITF-low." The "immune" cluster showed improved post-accession survival, with high expression of immune-related genes and a high lymphocyte score. The "keratin" cluster showed worse outcomes compared to the "immune" and "MITF-low" clusters. The "MITF-low" cluster had low expression of pigmentation-related genes. The study found that the "immune" transcriptomic subclass was associated with improved post-accession survival, with high expression of immune-related genes and a high lymphocyte score. The study also found that LCK protein expression was strongly associated with improved survival. The study suggested that a combination of LCK protein expression and pathologists' scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be more prognostThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analyzed 333 cutaneous melanomas from 331 patients using DNA, RNA, and protein-based methods to identify genomic alterations. They established a classification system into four subtypes based on mutations in BRAF, RAS, NF1, and Triple-WT (wild-type) genes. The Triple-WT subtype showed enrichment of KIT mutations and structural rearrangements. While no significant outcome correlation was found with genomic classification, samples with immune-related gene expression and high LCK protein levels were associated with improved survival. This analysis suggests that melanoma prognosis is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights for personalized therapy. The study identified 228,987 mutations, including SNVs and indels, with 13 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) identified. The BRAF subtype had the highest mutation rate, with 52% of samples harboring BRAF mutations. The RAS subtype had 28% with NRAS mutations, and the NF1 subtype had 14% with NF1 mutations. The Triple-WT subtype had the highest mutation prevalence, with 39 mutations per Mb. The study also identified several novel SMGs, including DDX3X. The study found that the BRAF, RAS, and NF1 subtypes had distinct molecular characteristics, with the BRAF subtype being younger, the NF1 subtype older, and the Triple-WT subtype having a lower UV signature. The Triple-WT subtype showed more copy-number changes and complex structural rearrangements. The study also identified several fusion events and structural rearrangements, with the Triple-WT subtype showing significant enrichment for fusion drivers. The study found that TERT promoter mutations were more common in the BRAF, RAS, and NF1 subtypes than in the Triple-WT subtype. The CIMP phenotype was associated with IDH1 and ARID2 mutations. The study also identified several signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI(3)K, and apoptotic pathways, that were differentially activated in the subtypes. The study performed transcriptomic classification, identifying three robust clusters: "immune," "keratin," and "MITF-low." The "immune" cluster showed improved post-accession survival, with high expression of immune-related genes and a high lymphocyte score. The "keratin" cluster showed worse outcomes compared to the "immune" and "MITF-low" clusters. The "MITF-low" cluster had low expression of pigmentation-related genes. The study found that the "immune" transcriptomic subclass was associated with improved post-accession survival, with high expression of immune-related genes and a high lymphocyte score. The study also found that LCK protein expression was strongly associated with improved survival. The study suggested that a combination of LCK protein expression and pathologists' scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be more prognost
Reach us at info@study.space