Genomic selection (GS) and genomic-enabled prediction (GP) are advanced methods in plant breeding that accelerate the selection of superior genotypes by leveraging genomic data. This review discusses the history, principles, and applications of GS and GP, including their genetic and statistical complexities. GS has shown significant genetic gains in maize breeding, reducing the breeding cycle and enhancing grain yield. The accuracy of GP models is evaluated for cereal and legume crops using random cross-validation. Recent advances in hyperspectral image technology and pedigree-assisted breeding are highlighted as potential tools to enhance GS. The review also explores the role of GS in germplasm enhancement and prebreeding programs, emphasizing the importance of combining GS with high-throughput phenotype (HTP) technologies for early-generation testing. Overall, GS and GP offer promising solutions for accelerating genetic improvement in various crops, particularly in response to climate change and complex traits with low heritability.Genomic selection (GS) and genomic-enabled prediction (GP) are advanced methods in plant breeding that accelerate the selection of superior genotypes by leveraging genomic data. This review discusses the history, principles, and applications of GS and GP, including their genetic and statistical complexities. GS has shown significant genetic gains in maize breeding, reducing the breeding cycle and enhancing grain yield. The accuracy of GP models is evaluated for cereal and legume crops using random cross-validation. Recent advances in hyperspectral image technology and pedigree-assisted breeding are highlighted as potential tools to enhance GS. The review also explores the role of GS in germplasm enhancement and prebreeding programs, emphasizing the importance of combining GS with high-throughput phenotype (HTP) technologies for early-generation testing. Overall, GS and GP offer promising solutions for accelerating genetic improvement in various crops, particularly in response to climate change and complex traits with low heritability.