This paper by John Suppe, published in the *Journal of Geophysical Research*, explores the geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, a process where sedimentary sequences form map-scale folds as fault blocks ride over non-planar fault surfaces. The author presents geometric and kinematic properties of parallel fault-bend folds, particularly the relationship between fault shape and fold shape for sharp bends in faults. These relationships are useful for developing internally consistent cross sections in areas suspected of fault-bend folding, especially in fold-and-thrust belts.
The paper discusses various types of fault-bend folds, including "reverse-drag" or "rollovers" associated with normal faults that flatten with depth, and the bending of thrust sheets over steps in decollement. It also covers the kinematics of fault-bend folding, such as the development of kink bands and the movement of axial surfaces during slip.
Suppe provides a simplified, yet widely applicable, two-dimensional geometric and kinematic theory of folding due to slip past sharp bends in faults. The theory is based on assumptions of sharp fault bends, conservation of area, and constant layer thickness normal to bedding. The paper includes detailed mathematical derivations and graphical representations to illustrate the relationships between fault shapes and fold shapes.
The author also discusses additional aspects of parallel-kink fault-bend folds, such as changes in fault slip across fault-bend folds, multiple bends in a single fault, shearing of fault-bend folds, and the branching of axial surfaces within folded sheets. The paper concludes with a section on imbricate fault-bend folding, where multiple imbrications are considered, and provides methods for calculating forward and back dips associated with multiple imbrications.
Overall, the paper offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and predicting the geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, with practical applications in subsurface exploration and structural geology.This paper by John Suppe, published in the *Journal of Geophysical Research*, explores the geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, a process where sedimentary sequences form map-scale folds as fault blocks ride over non-planar fault surfaces. The author presents geometric and kinematic properties of parallel fault-bend folds, particularly the relationship between fault shape and fold shape for sharp bends in faults. These relationships are useful for developing internally consistent cross sections in areas suspected of fault-bend folding, especially in fold-and-thrust belts.
The paper discusses various types of fault-bend folds, including "reverse-drag" or "rollovers" associated with normal faults that flatten with depth, and the bending of thrust sheets over steps in decollement. It also covers the kinematics of fault-bend folding, such as the development of kink bands and the movement of axial surfaces during slip.
Suppe provides a simplified, yet widely applicable, two-dimensional geometric and kinematic theory of folding due to slip past sharp bends in faults. The theory is based on assumptions of sharp fault bends, conservation of area, and constant layer thickness normal to bedding. The paper includes detailed mathematical derivations and graphical representations to illustrate the relationships between fault shapes and fold shapes.
The author also discusses additional aspects of parallel-kink fault-bend folds, such as changes in fault slip across fault-bend folds, multiple bends in a single fault, shearing of fault-bend folds, and the branching of axial surfaces within folded sheets. The paper concludes with a section on imbricate fault-bend folding, where multiple imbrications are considered, and provides methods for calculating forward and back dips associated with multiple imbrications.
Overall, the paper offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and predicting the geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, with practical applications in subsurface exploration and structural geology.