This study aims to determine the global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributable to aflatoxin exposure. Aflatoxins, produced by *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*, are known human liver carcinogens. The researchers conducted a quantitative cancer risk assessment using data on food-borne aflatoxin levels, consumption of contaminated foods, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence. They calculated the cancer potency of aflatoxin for HBV-positive and HBV-negative individuals, considering uncertainties in all variables. The results indicate that about 25,200–155,000 new HCC cases annually may be attributed to aflatoxin exposure, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China, where both high HBV prevalence and uncontrolled aflatoxin exposure in food are prevalent. The study concludes that aflatoxin may play a causative role in 4.6–28.2% of all global HCC cases. The authors emphasize the need for interventions to reduce aflatoxin exposure and highlight the importance of HBV vaccination in mitigating the carcinogenic impact of aflatoxin.This study aims to determine the global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributable to aflatoxin exposure. Aflatoxins, produced by *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*, are known human liver carcinogens. The researchers conducted a quantitative cancer risk assessment using data on food-borne aflatoxin levels, consumption of contaminated foods, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence. They calculated the cancer potency of aflatoxin for HBV-positive and HBV-negative individuals, considering uncertainties in all variables. The results indicate that about 25,200–155,000 new HCC cases annually may be attributed to aflatoxin exposure, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China, where both high HBV prevalence and uncontrolled aflatoxin exposure in food are prevalent. The study concludes that aflatoxin may play a causative role in 4.6–28.2% of all global HCC cases. The authors emphasize the need for interventions to reduce aflatoxin exposure and highlight the importance of HBV vaccination in mitigating the carcinogenic impact of aflatoxin.