Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have spread globally in the past decade, with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) being particularly prevalent in the U.S., Greece, and other regions. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), are also widespread, especially in southern Europe and Asia. Oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) is found in Mediterranean and European countries and India. NDM-1 producers, originally from the UK, India, and Pakistan, are now global. Early detection of carriers is crucial to prevent nosocomial outbreaks, especially from K. pneumoniae. Molecular techniques are used for gene identification, while screening cultures help detect carriers. Enterobacteriaceae are common pathogens causing various infections, and their ability to spread through horizontal gene transfer contributes to antibiotic resistance. Since 2000, community-acquired ESBL-producing E. coli has been reported globally, emphasizing the need to preserve carbapenem efficacy. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are due to carbapenemase genes, with KPC, MBL, and OXA-48 being the main types. KPCs are most clinically relevant, spreading globally and causing high mortality. MBLs, including NDM-1, are also widespread, with high resistance and mortality rates. NDM-1 is found in many species, with high prevalence in the Indian subcontinent. OXA-48 is found in Turkey, Europe, and Africa, with some strains being resistant to carbapenems. Detection methods include susceptibility testing, molecular techniques, and screening cultures. Prevention relies on early detection and isolation of carriers. The spread of carbapenemase producers is a growing public health concern, with potential for community and hospital outbreaks. Effective control requires early identification and prevention strategies. The lack of new antibiotics underscores the need to preserve existing ones. No vaccines are available, so prevention of infections is crucial. The prevalence of carbapenemase producers varies by region, with high rates in India and other areas. The spread of these bacteria is a major challenge for global health.Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have spread globally in the past decade, with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) being particularly prevalent in the U.S., Greece, and other regions. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), are also widespread, especially in southern Europe and Asia. Oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) is found in Mediterranean and European countries and India. NDM-1 producers, originally from the UK, India, and Pakistan, are now global. Early detection of carriers is crucial to prevent nosocomial outbreaks, especially from K. pneumoniae. Molecular techniques are used for gene identification, while screening cultures help detect carriers. Enterobacteriaceae are common pathogens causing various infections, and their ability to spread through horizontal gene transfer contributes to antibiotic resistance. Since 2000, community-acquired ESBL-producing E. coli has been reported globally, emphasizing the need to preserve carbapenem efficacy. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are due to carbapenemase genes, with KPC, MBL, and OXA-48 being the main types. KPCs are most clinically relevant, spreading globally and causing high mortality. MBLs, including NDM-1, are also widespread, with high resistance and mortality rates. NDM-1 is found in many species, with high prevalence in the Indian subcontinent. OXA-48 is found in Turkey, Europe, and Africa, with some strains being resistant to carbapenems. Detection methods include susceptibility testing, molecular techniques, and screening cultures. Prevention relies on early detection and isolation of carriers. The spread of carbapenemase producers is a growing public health concern, with potential for community and hospital outbreaks. Effective control requires early identification and prevention strategies. The lack of new antibiotics underscores the need to preserve existing ones. No vaccines are available, so prevention of infections is crucial. The prevalence of carbapenemase producers varies by region, with high rates in India and other areas. The spread of these bacteria is a major challenge for global health.