The article discusses the global spread and impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on the emergence and dissemination of various types of carbapenemases. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) have been reported worldwide, with a marked endemicity in the United States and Greece. Metalloenzymes, such as Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamases (VIM) and IMP, are prevalent in southern Europe and Asia. Oxacillinase-48 type carbapenemases are mostly found in Mediterranean and European countries, as well as in India. The recent identification of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producers, initially from the United Kingdom, India, and Pakistan, has raised significant concerns due to its global spread. The detection of carbapenemase producers relies on molecular techniques, while screening culture media can help identify carriers. The spread of these bacteria is facilitated by their ability to acquire genetic material through horizontal gene transfer, and they are often multidrug-resistant. The clinical management of infections caused by carbapenemase producers is challenging, and the lack of effective treatments poses a serious threat to public health. The authors emphasize the need for early detection and isolation of carriers to prevent nosocomial outbreaks. They also highlight the urgency of developing new antibiotics and vaccines to combat the growing threat of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. The article concludes by discussing the potential for community-acquired infections and the challenges in controlling hospital-based outbreaks.The article discusses the global spread and impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on the emergence and dissemination of various types of carbapenemases. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) have been reported worldwide, with a marked endemicity in the United States and Greece. Metalloenzymes, such as Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamases (VIM) and IMP, are prevalent in southern Europe and Asia. Oxacillinase-48 type carbapenemases are mostly found in Mediterranean and European countries, as well as in India. The recent identification of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producers, initially from the United Kingdom, India, and Pakistan, has raised significant concerns due to its global spread. The detection of carbapenemase producers relies on molecular techniques, while screening culture media can help identify carriers. The spread of these bacteria is facilitated by their ability to acquire genetic material through horizontal gene transfer, and they are often multidrug-resistant. The clinical management of infections caused by carbapenemase producers is challenging, and the lack of effective treatments poses a serious threat to public health. The authors emphasize the need for early detection and isolation of carriers to prevent nosocomial outbreaks. They also highlight the urgency of developing new antibiotics and vaccines to combat the growing threat of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. The article concludes by discussing the potential for community-acquired infections and the challenges in controlling hospital-based outbreaks.