This study examines the global burden of head and neck cancers (HNC) from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The findings reveal a global increase in HNC incidence, while mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have decreased due to improved prognosis. Notably, the incidence rise is more pronounced among females compared to males. In low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, under-20s show an increased HNC-related death and DALYs. The mortality due to thyroid cancer has significantly increased above 60 years. Effective resource allocation, meticulous control of risk factors, and tailored interventions are essential to reduce mortality rates among young individuals with HNC in underprivileged regions and elderly individuals with thyroid cancer. The study highlights the need for global policies to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption, improve early screening, and enhance healthcare resources in resource-constrained regions.This study examines the global burden of head and neck cancers (HNC) from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The findings reveal a global increase in HNC incidence, while mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have decreased due to improved prognosis. Notably, the incidence rise is more pronounced among females compared to males. In low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, under-20s show an increased HNC-related death and DALYs. The mortality due to thyroid cancer has significantly increased above 60 years. Effective resource allocation, meticulous control of risk factors, and tailored interventions are essential to reduce mortality rates among young individuals with HNC in underprivileged regions and elderly individuals with thyroid cancer. The study highlights the need for global policies to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption, improve early screening, and enhance healthcare resources in resource-constrained regions.