The global burden of cancer continues to increase, driven by population aging, growth, and the adoption of cancer-causing behaviors, particularly smoking, in economically developing countries. According to GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occurred in 2008, with 56% of cases and 64% of deaths occurring in economically developing regions. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females, while lung cancer is the leading cancer site in males. In economically developing countries, breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death among females, surpassing cervical cancer. Lung cancer mortality among females in developing countries is as high as that of cervical cancer. Despite lower incidence rates in developing countries compared to developed countries, overall cancer mortality rates are similar. Cancer survival tends to be poorer in developing countries due to late-stage diagnosis and limited access to timely and standard treatment. Preventive measures such as tobacco control, vaccination, early detection, and public health campaigns can significantly reduce the global cancer burden.The global burden of cancer continues to increase, driven by population aging, growth, and the adoption of cancer-causing behaviors, particularly smoking, in economically developing countries. According to GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occurred in 2008, with 56% of cases and 64% of deaths occurring in economically developing regions. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females, while lung cancer is the leading cancer site in males. In economically developing countries, breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death among females, surpassing cervical cancer. Lung cancer mortality among females in developing countries is as high as that of cervical cancer. Despite lower incidence rates in developing countries compared to developed countries, overall cancer mortality rates are similar. Cancer survival tends to be poorer in developing countries due to late-stage diagnosis and limited access to timely and standard treatment. Preventive measures such as tobacco control, vaccination, early detection, and public health campaigns can significantly reduce the global cancer burden.