Coxsackieviruses (CVs) are important enteroviruses that cause a wide range of human diseases, from mild to severe. They are prevalent globally and are associated with various clinical manifestations, including skin, respiratory, muscle, cardiac, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hepatitis, and neurological disorders. CVs are classified into three species (A, B, and C), with each species having multiple genotypes. CVs are transmitted primarily through the oral or fecal-oral route, and some can spread via contaminated fomites or secretions. They can also be transmitted transplacentally, leading to congenital infections. CVs can cause a variety of infections, including hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, conjunctivitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes, and severe neurological conditions. Recent studies have also linked CVs to neurodegenerative disorders and neurodevelopmental issues. CVs have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. Additionally, CVs have been used in oncolytic virotherapy due to their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. Diagnosis of CV infections involves various methods, including viral isolation, reverse transcriptase PCR, and gene sequencing. Surveillance and prevention strategies are crucial for managing CV-related infections, especially in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of disease is high. Understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of CVs is essential for developing effective surveillance and prevention strategies.Coxsackieviruses (CVs) are important enteroviruses that cause a wide range of human diseases, from mild to severe. They are prevalent globally and are associated with various clinical manifestations, including skin, respiratory, muscle, cardiac, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hepatitis, and neurological disorders. CVs are classified into three species (A, B, and C), with each species having multiple genotypes. CVs are transmitted primarily through the oral or fecal-oral route, and some can spread via contaminated fomites or secretions. They can also be transmitted transplacentally, leading to congenital infections. CVs can cause a variety of infections, including hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, conjunctivitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes, and severe neurological conditions. Recent studies have also linked CVs to neurodegenerative disorders and neurodevelopmental issues. CVs have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. Additionally, CVs have been used in oncolytic virotherapy due to their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. Diagnosis of CV infections involves various methods, including viral isolation, reverse transcriptase PCR, and gene sequencing. Surveillance and prevention strategies are crucial for managing CV-related infections, especially in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of disease is high. Understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of CVs is essential for developing effective surveillance and prevention strategies.