This study explores the global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities. It highlights the potential for conservation efforts to deliver economic benefits through ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, water provision, and grassland livestock production. However, identifying regions where conservation benefits both biodiversity and ecosystem services requires quantifying and mapping these services. The study finds that only four ecosystem services can be mapped globally with sufficient data, and these maps show limited spatial concordance with biodiversity conservation targets. Despite this, "win-win" areas—regions important for both biodiversity and ecosystem services—can be identified. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research to better understand the synergies and trade-offs in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. It also notes that while global analyses can inform broad-scale priorities, local-scale conservation decisions are often made. The study concludes that more comprehensive data are needed to fully assess the relationship between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The findings suggest that conservation priorities focused solely on biodiversity may not conserve optimal levels of ecosystem services, and vice versa. The study underscores the importance of integrating ecosystem services into conservation planning to achieve sustainable development.This study explores the global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities. It highlights the potential for conservation efforts to deliver economic benefits through ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, water provision, and grassland livestock production. However, identifying regions where conservation benefits both biodiversity and ecosystem services requires quantifying and mapping these services. The study finds that only four ecosystem services can be mapped globally with sufficient data, and these maps show limited spatial concordance with biodiversity conservation targets. Despite this, "win-win" areas—regions important for both biodiversity and ecosystem services—can be identified. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research to better understand the synergies and trade-offs in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. It also notes that while global analyses can inform broad-scale priorities, local-scale conservation decisions are often made. The study concludes that more comprehensive data are needed to fully assess the relationship between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The findings suggest that conservation priorities focused solely on biodiversity may not conserve optimal levels of ecosystem services, and vice versa. The study underscores the importance of integrating ecosystem services into conservation planning to achieve sustainable development.