Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation

Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation

15 March 2006 | L. V. Alexander, X. Zhang, T. C. Peterson, J. Caesar, B. Gleason, A. M. G. Klein Tank, M. Haylock, D. Collins, B. Trewn, F. Rahimzadeh, A. Tagipour, K. Rupa Kumar, J. Revadekar, G. Griffiths, L. Vincent, D. B. Stephenson, J. Burn, E. Aguilar, M. Brunet, M. Taylor, M. New, P. Zhai, M. Rusticucci, J. L. Vazquez-Aguirre
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of observed global changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation from 1951 to 2003. A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data were computed and analyzed. These indices, including percentile-based, absolute, threshold, duration, and other indices, were calculated using standardized software and data from various sources, including workshops and high-quality station data. The results show widespread significant changes in temperature extremes, particularly in minimum temperatures, with over 70% of global land area showing a significant decrease in cold nights and increase in warm nights. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, though less spatially coherent than temperature changes. Analysis of probability distributions for temperature and precipitation indices from 1901 to 2003 indicates significant warming throughout the 20th century, with pronounced differences between the most recent two periods. Precipitation indices show a tendency toward wetter conditions throughout the 20th century. The study highlights the importance of global data integration and the use of standardized methods to analyze climate extremes, providing a detailed picture of trends in temperature and precipitation extremes. The results underscore the need for continued monitoring and research to understand the impacts of climate change on extreme weather events.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of observed global changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation from 1951 to 2003. A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data were computed and analyzed. These indices, including percentile-based, absolute, threshold, duration, and other indices, were calculated using standardized software and data from various sources, including workshops and high-quality station data. The results show widespread significant changes in temperature extremes, particularly in minimum temperatures, with over 70% of global land area showing a significant decrease in cold nights and increase in warm nights. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, though less spatially coherent than temperature changes. Analysis of probability distributions for temperature and precipitation indices from 1901 to 2003 indicates significant warming throughout the 20th century, with pronounced differences between the most recent two periods. Precipitation indices show a tendency toward wetter conditions throughout the 20th century. The study highlights the importance of global data integration and the use of standardized methods to analyze climate extremes, providing a detailed picture of trends in temperature and precipitation extremes. The results underscore the need for continued monitoring and research to understand the impacts of climate change on extreme weather events.
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