A systematic review of global autism prevalence estimates from 2012 to 2021 shows a median prevalence of 100/10,000 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.2 and 33% of cases having intellectual disability. The prevalence varies widely across regions and is influenced by factors such as awareness, service availability, and sociodemographic status. The review highlights that increased awareness and improved diagnostic methods have contributed to higher prevalence estimates. However, variability in prevalence may also reflect differences in diagnostic criteria and case-finding methods. The study found that prevalence is higher in some regions and lower in others, with some areas having limited data. The review also notes that autism prevalence is higher in males and that racial and ethnic disparities exist, though the exact reasons are not fully understood. The study emphasizes the need for more research with large, representative samples and standardized diagnostic criteria to better understand the factors influencing autism prevalence. The findings suggest that autism prevalence has increased globally, likely due to improved identification and awareness, but further research is needed to clarify the underlying causes.A systematic review of global autism prevalence estimates from 2012 to 2021 shows a median prevalence of 100/10,000 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.2 and 33% of cases having intellectual disability. The prevalence varies widely across regions and is influenced by factors such as awareness, service availability, and sociodemographic status. The review highlights that increased awareness and improved diagnostic methods have contributed to higher prevalence estimates. However, variability in prevalence may also reflect differences in diagnostic criteria and case-finding methods. The study found that prevalence is higher in some regions and lower in others, with some areas having limited data. The review also notes that autism prevalence is higher in males and that racial and ethnic disparities exist, though the exact reasons are not fully understood. The study emphasizes the need for more research with large, representative samples and standardized diagnostic criteria to better understand the factors influencing autism prevalence. The findings suggest that autism prevalence has increased globally, likely due to improved identification and awareness, but further research is needed to clarify the underlying causes.